scholarly journals World War II, the Baby Boom and Employment: County Level Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Brodeur ◽  
Lamis Kattan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
County Level ◽  
World War

Does the ageing population correctly predict the need for medical beds?: Part one: fundamental principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rodney P Jones
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
National Average ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
World War ◽  
Funding Formula ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
The World

The World War II baby boom, coupled with increasing life expectancy, will lead to increasing numbers of deaths for the next 40 years. The last year of life represents a large proportion (55%) of lifetime hospital bed occupancy. This is called the nearness to death effect. However, the nearness to death effect has not been factored into NHS capacity planning, which largely relies on age-based forecasting, often called the ageing population. In certain locations, deaths are predicted to rise far more rapidly than the national average of 1% per annual growth. These locations are highly susceptible to capacity pressures emanating from the nearness to death effect, which is not compatible with recent policies that aim to build smaller hospitals. This article is the first of a two-part series discussing these trends in deaths and bed demand, as well as the likely impact on NHS capacity and the implications for the NHS funding formula.

1968: Europe in Technicolour

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Klimke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cold War

Even after more than four decades, the events of the tumultuous year 1968 still mesmerise and polarise Europe, both culturally and politically. Although prominent representatives of the continent's student revolt have called for people to ‘forget 68’, Europeans have entered the historicisation and memorialisation process for this period with vigour. Among the causes and contexts of the social movements, acts of dissent, and youthful revolts that are commonly subsumed under the cipher ‘1968’, the Cold War and the division of Europe after 1945 usually enjoy pride of place, although these were by no means the only influences. The rapid demographic changes after World War II were probably the primary force that shaped the context in which the opposition of the youth was to unfold. The postwar baby boom reached its climax in 1947, coinciding with a massive economic growth in many Northern and Western European countries that reached into all segments of society and proved particularly beneficial to the lower middle and working classes.

Moving onto the National Stage

Rough Country ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wuthnow
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Church Growth ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
World War ◽  
Civil Rights Era

This chapter discusses Texas's growing presence in national affairs. It explains the economic, demographic, and political contexts in which religion emerged from World War II and contributed to the further shaping of race relations, faith convictions, and power. Churches benefited from the population growth driven by the postwar baby boom as well as from prosperous economic conditions. In many ways, the late 1940s and 1950s were a time of calm serenity in which religious leaders could focus on church growth and family formation. That was certainly an image that made sense to later observers who viewed the period from the perspective of the more turbulent civil rights era that followed. And yet these were years of remarkable developments in religion, politics, and business—years of inequality, discrimination, and conflict. These as well as new discussions about the separation of church and state set the stage for the civil rights movement and shaped the response to it.

The third age: class, cohort or generation?

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS GILLEARD ◽  
PAUL HIGGS
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Third Age ◽  
Baby Boom Generation ◽  
The Third

In this paper we consider some of the ways that the third age can be thought about and studied. Taking the work of Peter Laslett as our key source, we explore his ‘aspirational’ approach toward redefining post-working life and look at some of its limitations as both definition and explanation. There is a need for a more sociologically informed approach to the third age, and we outline three potentially important structures that might better explain it – class, birth cohort, and generation. Whilst it might seem attractive to see the third age as a class-determined status, based on the material and social advantages accruing to people who have retired from well-paid positions in society, the historical period in which the third age has emerged makes this explanation less than adequate. Equally a cohort-based explanation, locating the third age in the ‘ageing’ of the birth cohort known as the baby boom generation, fails fully to capture the pervasiveness and irreversibility of the cultural change that has shaped not just one but a sequence of cohorts beginning with those born in the years just before World War II. Instead, we argue for a generational framework in understanding the third age, drawing upon Mannheim rather than Marx as the more promising guide in this area.

scholarly journals Patterns of opioid use (codeine, morphine or meperidine) in the Canadian population over time: analysis of the Longitudinal National Population Health Survey 1994–2011

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029613
Author(s):  
Mayilee Canizares ◽  
J Denise Power ◽  
Y Raja Rampersaud ◽  
Elizabeth M Badley
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
National Population Health Survey ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
World War ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate cohort effects in selected opioids use and determine whether cohort differences were associated with changes in risk factors for use over time.DesignThis study presents secondary analyses of a longitudinal survey panel of the general population that collected data biannually.SettingData from the Canadian Longitudinal National Population Health Survey 1994–2011.PopulationThis study included 12 542 participants from the following birth cohorts: post-World War I (born 1915–1924), pre-World War II (born 1925–1934), World War II (born 1935–1944), Older Baby Boom (born 1945–1954), Younger Baby Boom (born 1955–1964), Older Generation X (born 1965–1974) and Younger Generation X (born 1975–1984).Main outcomeResponses to a single question asking about the use of codeine, morphine or meperidine in the past month (yes/no) were examined.ResultsOver and above age and period effects, there were significant cohort differences in selected opioids use: each succeeding recent cohort had greater use than their predecessors (eg, Gen Xers had greater use than younger baby boomers). Selected opioids use increased significantly from 1994 to 2002, plateauing between 2002 and 2006 and then declining until 2011. After accounting for cohort and period effects, there was a decline in use of these opioids with increasing age. Although pain was significantly associated with greater selected opioids use (OR=3.63, 95% CI 3.39 to 3.94), pain did not explain cohort differences. Cohort and period effects were no longer significant after adjusting for the number of chronic conditions. Cohort differences in selected opioids use mirrored cohort differences in multimorbidity. Use of these opioids was significantly associated with taking antidepressants or tranquillisers (OR=2.52, 95% CI 2.27 to 2.81 and OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.46 to 1.75, respectively).ConclusionsThe findings underscore the need to consider multimorbidity including possible psychological disorders and associated medications when prescribing opioids (codeine, morphine, meperidine), particularly for recent birth cohorts. Continued efforts to monitor prescription patterns and develop specific opioid use guidelines for multimorbidity appear warranted.

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