NEMA NU 4-2008 and in vivo imaging performance of RAYCAN trans-PET/CT X5 small animal imaging system

SummaryThis article gives an overview of those small animal imaging studies which have been conducted on neurotransmitter function in the rat 6-hydoxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson’s disease, and discusses findings with respect to the outcome of clinical studies on Parkinsonian patients.

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State of the art in vivo imaging techniques for laboratory animals

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/0023677217695852 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 465-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

David Tibor Lauber ◽

András Fülöp ◽

Tibor Kovács ◽

Krisztián Szigeti ◽

Domokos Máthé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

In Vivo Imaging ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Small Animal Imaging ◽

Small Animal ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Imaging Modalities ◽

Animal Imaging

In recent decades, imaging devices have become indispensable tools in the basic sciences, in preclinical research and in modern drug development. The rapidly evolving high-resolution in vivo imaging technologies provide a unique opportunity for studying biological processes of living organisms in real time on a molecular level. State of the art small-animal imaging modalities provide non-invasive images rich in quantitative anatomical and functional information, which renders longitudinal studies possible allowing precise monitoring of disease progression and response to therapy in models of different diseases. The number of animals in a scientific investigation can be substantially reduced using imaging techniques, which is in full compliance with the ethical endeavours for the 3R (reduction, refinement, replacement) policies formulated by Russell and Burch; furthermore, biological variability can be alleviated, as each animal serves as its own control. The most suitable and commonly used imaging modalities for in vivo small-animal imaging are optical imaging (OI), ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and finally the methods of nuclear medicine: positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

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Synthesis of Biotin-Modified Galactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Characteristics in Vitro and in Vivo

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000494169 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 569-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mingrong Cheng ◽

Daxi Ma ◽

Kangkang Zhi ◽

Baochi Liu ◽

Weiping Zhu

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Imaging System ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Small Animal Imaging ◽

Small Animal ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Animal Imaging ◽

Galactosylated Chitosan

Background/Aims: Our previous study found that a nanoparticle drug delivery system that operates as a drug carrier and controlled release system not only improves the efficacy of the drugs but also reduces their side effects. However, this system could not efficiently target hepatoma cells. The aim of this study was to synthesize biotin-modified galactosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Bio-GC) and evaluate their characteristics in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Bio-GC nanomaterials were synthesized, and confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The liver position and cancer target property of Bio-GC nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo was tested by confocal laser and small animal imaging system. The characteristics of Bio-GC/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo were explored by cell proliferation, migration and cytotoxicity test, or by animal experiment. Results: Bio-GC nanoparticles were synthesized with biodegradable chitosan as the nanomaterial skeleton with biotin and galactose grafts. Bio-GC was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. Bio-GC/5-FU nanoparticles were synthesized according to the optimal mass ratio for Bio-GC/5-FU (1: 4) and had a mean particle size of 81.1 nm, zeta potential of +39.2 mV, and drug loading capacity of 8.98%. Bio-GC/5-FU nanoparticles had sustained release properties (rapid, steady, and slow release phases). Bio-GC nanoparticles targeted liver and liver cancer cell in vitro and in vivo, and this was confirmed by confocal laser scanning and small animal imaging system. Compared with GC/5-FU nanoparticles, Bio-GC/5-FU nanoparticles showed more specific cytotoxic activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner and a more obvious inhibitory effect on the migration of liver cancer cells. In addition, Bio-GC/5-FU nanoparticles significantly prolonged the survival time of mice in orthotopic liver cancer transplantation model compared with other 5-FU nanoparticles or 5-FU alone. Bio-GC (0.64%) nanomaterial had no obvious cytotoxic effects on cells; thus, the concentration of Bio-GC/5-FU nanoparticles used was only 0.04% and showed no toxic effects on the cells. Conclusion: Bio-GC is a liver- and cancer-targeting nanomaterial. Bio-GC/5-FU nanoparticles as drug carriers have stronger inhibitory effects on the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells compared with 5-FU in vitro and in vivo.

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State-of-the-art of small animal imaging with high-resolution SPECT

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1625323 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 44 (06) ◽

pp. 257-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Wirrwar ◽

C. Antke ◽

K. Kley ◽

H.-W. Müller ◽

S. Nikolaus

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

In Vivo Imaging ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Small Animal Imaging ◽

Small Animal ◽

Small Animals ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Animal Imaging ◽

The Individual

SummaryDuring the recent years, in vivo imaging of small animals using SPECT has become of growing relevance. Along with the development of dedicated high-resolution small animal SPECT cameras, an increasing number of conventional clinical scanners has been equipped with single or multipinhole collimators. This paper reviews the small animal tomographs, which are operating at present and compares their performance characteristics. Furthermore, we describe the in vivo imaging studies, which have been performed so far with the individual scanners and survey current approaches to optimize molecular imaging with small animal SPECT.

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