<div><div><div><p>The global magnetic phase diagram for fused azulene oligomers is obtained by using a fermionic Hubbard Hamiltonian, a intermediate model between the molecular (Pariser-Parr-Pople empiric Hamiltonian) and spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg approaches. As a function of the on-site coulomb repulsion and the oligomer size we show that fused azulene transitions from a singlet (S = 0) to a higher-spin (S = 1, 2, 3) ground state. Near the quantum magnetic phase transition the electric dipole moment, present on fused azulene molecules, couples with the magnetic moment leading to a divergent magnetoelectric susceptibility at the boundary lines of the magnetic phase diagram. These spontaneous electric and magnetic polarizations, together with the magnetoelectric coupling between them, indicate that fuzed azulene molecules are potentially strong candidates for purely organic multiferroic materials.</p></div></div></div>
Magnetic phase diagram and ordered ground state of GdMn2O5multiferroic studied by x-ray magnetic scattering
