2020/21 record-breaking cold waves in east of China enhanced by the ‘Warm Arctic-Cold Siberia’ pattern

AbstractThe higher temperature in cities relative to their rural surroundings, known as the urban heat island (UHI), is one of the most well documented and severe anthropogenic modifications of the environment. Heat islands are hazardous to residents and the sustainability of cities during summertime and heat waves; on the other hand, they provide considerable benefits in wintertime. Yet, the evolution of UHIs during cold waves has not yet been explored. In this study, ground-based observations from 12 U.S. cities and high-resolution weather simulations show that UHIs not only warm urban areas in the winter but also further intensify during cold waves by up to 1.32° ± 0.78°C (mean ± standard deviation) at night relative to precedent and subsequent periods. Anthropogenic heat released from building heating is found to contribute more than 30% of the UHI intensification. UHIs thus serve as shelters against extreme-cold events and provide benefits that include mitigating cold hazard and reducing heating demand. More important, simulations indicate that standard UHI mitigation measures such as green or cool roofs reduce these cold-wave benefits to different extents. Cities, particularly in cool and cold temperate climates, should hence revisit their policies to favor (existing) mitigation approaches that are effective only during hot periods.

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EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVE ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF BUFFALOES DURING COLD WAVES STRESS IN MID EGYPT

Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.21608/ejar.2017.151843 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 1819-1830

Keyword(s):

Production Performance ◽

Cold Waves ◽

Biological Additive

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Spatiotemporal variation of heat and cold waves and their potential relation with the large-scale atmospheric circulation across Inner Mongolia, China

Theoretical and Applied Climatology ◽

10.1007/s00704-020-03331-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (1-2) ◽

pp. 643-659

Author(s):

Enliang Guo ◽

Yongfang Wang ◽

Yuhai Bao ◽

Zhongyi Sun ◽

Yulong Bao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Circulation ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Large Scale ◽

Spatiotemporal Variation ◽

Cold Waves ◽

Large Scale Atmospheric Circulation

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The Effect of Heat and Cold Waves on the Mortality of Persons with Dementia in Germany

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12093664 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 3664 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas Fritze

Keyword(s):

Heat Effect ◽

Health Claims ◽

Heat Index ◽

P Value ◽

Term Care ◽

Winter Climate ◽

Cox Models ◽

Cold Waves ◽

Heat Effects ◽

Health Claims Data

We investigated whether persons with dementia (PwD) are at particular risk of mortality when exposed to extreme temperatures and whether the temperature effect depends on long-term care (LTC) need and residency. German health claims data provide information on inpatient and outpatient sectors. Data from the German Meteorological Service were merged, and measures of immediate and delayed heat, cold, and normal temperature (Heat Index, Wind Chill Temperature Index) were calculated. Cox models were applied to explore the interaction of temperature, dementia, and LTC, as well as residency. Immediate and delayed effects of heat and cold were tested as compared to normal temperatures. Models were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, urban/rural living, and summer/winter climate zones. The 182,384 persons aged ≥65 contributed 1,084,111 person-years and 49,040 deaths between 2004 and 2010. At normal temperatures, PwD had a 37% (p-value < 0.001) increased mortality risk compared to persons without dementia (PwoD). Immediate heat effects further increased this effect by 11% (p = 0.031); no immediate heat effect existed for PwoD. The immediate heat effect was even greater for PwD suffering from severe or extreme physical impairment and for those living in private households and nursing homes. Immediate and delayed cold effects increased mortality independent of dementia. Care level and type of residency did not modify this effect among PwD. PwD revealed an increased vulnerability to immediate heat effects. Cold waves were risk factors for both groups. LTC need appeared to be an important intervening factor.

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