The type of suspension bridge is used all over the world because of its long span. But the cable system which forced the main load is vulnerable to damage and corrosion. In order to discuss the dynamic characteristics of typical long-span suspension bridges, a finite-element model of a typical long-span bridge was set up with ANSYS, and its top ten frequencies and vibration types were calculated. What’s more the dynamic characteristics under the variations such as modulus of elasticity, sectional size of the cable system, initial strain of the cable, as well as the deficiency of suspender cable were discussed. According to the analysis, the researchers got the conclusion that how the cable system impacts the whole bridge and which suspender cable plays the most significant role. Moreover, the results could serve as some valuable references for the optimization design and preservation of long-span suspension bridges.