Design and Optimization of Wheels for Better Aerodynamics and Cooling of Brakes

In the world of automotive, lots of research has been done yet on overall vehicle. Researchers improved every single part of vehicle but wheel is one of the part that hasn’t changed much in automotive history. In case researchers got their desired results, they stopped working on wheel and most of the research has been done on grip of the tire. That’s why there is no innovative research done on wheels. And it is one the biggest part who contribute in vehicles performance and other aspects like comfort and ride quality. Most of the manufacturers never consider and work on aerodynamic part of wheel. So, Different aerodynamics concept vehicles have been studied in the report. The flow around wheels are manage and smoothen in proposed design also it is designed in such a way that air flowing around wheel can easily take inside through Rim design and throw on brake pads as well as on wheel hub for consistently cooling them. They key for success is to manage the flow and keep the wheel functional and attractive. In this paper new wheel is designed and compared with convectional wheel designs. Keywords: Wheel Aerodynamics, Design and Optimization of Wheel, Cooling of Brakes, 3D Wheel design, Aerodynamics of Wheel.

The evolution of surfaces and mechanisms of contact electrification between metals and polymers

Contact electrification (CE) is a pretty common phenomenon, but still is poorly understood. The long-standing controversy over the mechanisms of CE related to polymers is particularly intense due to their complexity. In this paper, the CE between metals and polymers is systematically studied, which shows the evolution of surfaces accompanied by variations of CE outputs. The variations of CE charge are closely related to the creep and deformation of the polymer and metal surfaces. Then the relationship between CE and polymer structures is put forward, which is essentially determined by the electronegativity of elements and the functional groups in the polymers. The effects of load and contact frequency on the CE process and outputs are also investigated, indicating the increase of CE charge with load and frequency. Material transfer from polymer to metal is observed during CE while electrons transfer from metal to polymer, both of which are believed to have an influence on each other. The findings advance our understanding on the mechanism of CE between metal and polymers, and provides insights into the performance of CE-based application in various conditions, which sheds light on the design and optimization of CE-based energy harvest and self-powered sensing devices.

Solution of steering angle based on homogeneous transformation

Steering Angle is related to the design and optimization of steering mechanism and suspension, but it is not equal to the angle of knuckle around kingpin because of the existence of wheel alignment parameters. To calculate the steering angle, this paper derives based on homogeneous transformation its function expression by analyzing spatial geometric relation between the two angles and calculating coordinates related to steering trajectory of wheel center. Then, multi-body model of McPherson suspension with steering system is built and the calculation correctness is verified by comparing the function curve plotted by MATLAB software with the curve simulated by Adams/Car software. The calculation and simulation indicate that between the two angles, there is a ratio which is related to wheel alignment parameters and greater than 1.

Interactions between atomically dispersed copper and phosphorous species are key for the hydrochlorination of acetylene

Vinyl chloride, the monomer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), is industrially synthesized via acetylene hydrochlorination. Thereby, easy to sublimate but toxic mercury chloride catalysts are widely used. It is imperative to find environmentally friendly non-mercury catalysts to promote the green production of PVC. Low-cost copper-based catalysts are promising candidates. In this study, phosphorus-doped Cu-based catalysts are prepared. It is shown that the type of phosphorus configuration and the distribution on the surface of the carrier can be adjusted by changing the calcination temperature. Among the different phosphorus species, the formed P-C bond plays a key role. The coordination structure formed by the interaction between P-C bonds and atomically dispersed Cu2+ species results in effective and stable active sites. Insights on how P-C bonds activate the substrate may provide ideas for the design and optimization of phosphorus-doped catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination.