Pedestrian Bridge Evaluation and Modelling Subjected to Running Load Cases

<p>This paper presents the dynamic measurements performed at two pedestrian bridges in Sweden subjected to different loading scenarios. Using accelerometers, the natural frequencies, the experimental mode shapes, and damping properties were determined for each bridge. Analysis were performed using the generalized single degree of freedom theory, the finite element method and the coupled system approach taking into account the flying phase of the running load. Additionaly, a simplified sensitivity analysis is presented in terms of accelerations due to the pedestrian transient event of a running load case. Results indicate that there is an excellent agreement between the aforementioned modelling strategies and, that it is possible to have human structure interaction under running load scenarios.</p>

Analysis of Pedestrians’ Perceptions about the Design Aspects of Crossing Facilities: A Case in Nizwa, Oman

This study aims to identify the key factors in pedestrians’ intentions when using crossing facilities. For this purpose, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed and conducted at selected locations in Nizwa city. The main investigated variables are linked to personal characteristics, opinions on the main reasons for accidents, and how hard it is for pedestrians to cross roads at different locations in Nizwa city. Statements were also designed on the safety and health aspects of pedestrian crossings, as well as the physical and design aspects of pedestrian crossing facilities. Suitable locations were selected for the survey to assess the main concerns of pedestrian facilities. A total of 280 usable samples were collected from the selected locations. The analysis results revealed that young pedestrians do not find it difficult to use pedestrian bridges and underpasses when crossing roads. Pedestrians’ prioritization of safety when crossing, pedestrians’ health conditions, the proper cleaning and lighting of facilities, and the good design of facilities are significant determinants of pedestrians’ intentions when using crossing facilities. Crossing facilities need to be maintained properly, for example, through the cleaning and lighting of facilities. Proper awareness among pedestrians and vehicle drivers is required for the safety of pedestrians.

FRP Pedestrian Bridges—Analysis of Different Infill Configurations

The main aim of this study is to analyze fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bridge decks according to their material, cross-section, and shape geometry. Infill cell configurations of the decks (rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, and honeycomb) were tested based on the FRP cell units available in the market. A comparison was made for each cell configuration in flat and curved bridge shapes. Another comparison was made between the material properties. Each model was computed for a composite layup material and a quasi-isotropic material. The quasi-isotropic material represents chopped fibers within a matrix. FE (finite element) analysis was performed on a total of 24 models using Abaqus software. The results show that the bridge shape geometry and infill configuration play an important role in increasing the stiffness, more so than improving the material properties. The arch shape of the bridge deck with quasi-isotropic material and chopped fibers was compared to the cross-ply laminate material in a flat bridge deck. The results show that the arch shape of the bridge deck contributed to the overall stiffness by reducing the deformation by an average of 30–40%. The results of this preliminary study will provide a basis for future research into form finding and laboratory testing.

Regulasi Bagi Pengendara Skuter Listrik dan Otoped Listrik di Indonesia

This research aims to determine the existing regulations in Indonesia for motorists and the use of electric scooters on the road. At the beginning of its appearance, there were no clear regulations regulating provisions for electric scooters so that users can ride these transportation freely, causing conflicts between electric scooters user with pedestrians and other vehicle user. Conflicts that occur between electric scooters user and pedestrians include pedestrians who consider the use of electric scooters on sidewalks and pedestrian bridges to endanger pedestrians, while electric scooters are too slow to be used on the road with other vehicle riders. So that it can be dangerous. This article is hoped to be able to answer the regulations that must be obeyed by electric scooters user when driving on the road.Keywords: Electric Scooter; Conflict; Regulation.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui regulasi yang ada di Indonesia bagi pengendara dan pemakaian kendaraan jenis otoped listrik dan skuter listrik di jalan raya. Pada awal kemunculannya belum ada regulasi yang mengatur secara jelas mengenai ketentuan bagi para pengendara skuter listrik dan otoped listrik sehingga pengguna mengendarai alat trasnportasi tersebut secara bebas hingga menimbulkan konflik antara pengendara skuter listrik dan otoped listrik dengan pejalan kaki dan pengendara kendaraan lainnya. Konflik yang terjadi antara pengendara skuter listrik dan otoped listrik dengan pejalan kaki anatara lain adala pejalan kaki menganggap penggunaan otoped listrik dan skuter listrik di trotoar dan jembatan penyebrangan membahayakan pejalan kaki sedangkan dengan pengendara kendaraan lainnya pengemudi skuter listrik dan otoped listrik terlalu lambat berjalan di jalan raya sehingga dapat membahayakan. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat menjawab regulasi yang harus dipatuhi oleh pengendara skuter listrik dan otoped listrik ketika berkendara di jalan raya.Kata Kunci: Skuter listrik; Otoped Listrik; Konflik; Regulasi.

The First Highway Infrastructure PPP Project In The Baltic States According To DBFM Model – Challenges And Opportunities

Kekava Bypass public-private partnership (PPP) project is the first highway infrastructure PPP project in the Baltic States to be implemented according to Design-Build-Finance-Maintain (DBFM) model. Its objective is to solve the “bottleneck” of the TEN-T network road section entering Riga City with only one lane in each direction. The duration of the project is 23 years, including 3 years for design and construction of the infrastructure and 20 years for its maintenance. Kekava Bypass consists of the main road 17.22 km, auxiliary roads 20.66 km, 2 tunnels, 5 two-level road junctions, 1 bridge (all in all more than 100 lane km), 2 pedestrian bridges/tunnels etc. The Latvian government required that the assets of the Kekava Bypass project are classified off government balance sheet during the whole duration of the PPP contract. Thus, the Kekava Bypass PPP tender documentation was elaborated strictly observing this off-balance sheet treatment frame. Eurostat assessed the project documentation and issued its opinion that the project corresponds to the off-balance sheet criteria. Latvian State Roads on behalf of the Ministry of Transportation launched Kekava Bypass tender in December 2018. The tender was implemented in four sequent phases, namely, the qualification phase, the submission of initial offers, negotiations with the selected bidders about the initial offers, the submission of the best and final offers. On August 13, 2020, Latvian State Roads announced the winner and the financial due diligence phase to be performed by financial institutions started.

Historical and Modern Bridges over the Elbe-Vltava Waterway

The Elbe-Vltava Waterway (EVW) consists of continuously navigable sections of the Vltava and Elbe rivers in the Czech Republic comprising a total length of over 300 km. Most of the length of this waterway was obtained by building a system of interconnected weir basins using the canalization method. Detailed plans for making this waterway navigable started in the early 19th century, and the construction of the structures was enabled by the Austro-Hungarian Water Act of 1869. So, most locks along this waterway constitute a part of industrial heritage. Among its main structures are weirs, hydroelectric power stations and locks designed by pre-eminent Czech architects of the 19th and early-20th centuries. Many of them are excellent examples of modernist industrial architecture. Since the beginning of construction of the weir system along the EVW, bridge construction also came into focus in order to provide transportation access to both banks of the Elbe and Vltava rivers in this historically heavily urbanised area of Bohemia. This article deals with the historical development of bridge constructions over the EVW, systematically categorising them as road, railway and pedestrian bridges. Focus is on the basic technical aspects of the bridge design and technical solution, but also on their historical value and the need for a sensitive approach to their modernisation. The goal of the research is to complete the current web application www.lvvc.cz devoted to the EVW structures with the architectonically and technically most interesting bridges, including their histories. The system has been designed as an expert system, making the archived historical documents, maps, plans and photographs available for use by government institutions as well as by the general public for education and for the protection of this technical cultural heritage. The research was conducted as part of project no. DG18P02OVV004 entitled “Documentation and presentation of technical cultural heritage along the Elbe-Vltava Waterway” within a support programme for applied research and experimental development of national and cultural identity, funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic.

Transforming Obstacles Into Icons Bridges as Key Elements in Cycling Infrastructure

<p>Cycling is deeply embedded in Dutch society and town planning. The latest development is that of bicycle fast lanes. In a country that is largely located in a river delta, with waterways literally everywhere, creating those fast lanes more often than not also requires building one or more bicycle bridges. Ipv Delft is a Dutch bridge design and engineering office, specializing in cycling infrastructure. As such, we have plenty of experience in designing bicycle bridges on bicycle fast lanes. Our integrated design method, which was the basis for the Brief Dutch Design Manual for Bicycle and Pedestrian Bridges (2017) has played a mayor role in creating bicycle bridge designs that not only look good, but are also cost-effective, within budget and adjusted to the requirements of the location, its stakeholders and the bridge users.</p><p>Our lecture will focus on several projects that illustrate how we work and why we believe an integrated approach is the way to go.</p>

Design Competitions of Footbridges

<p>The paper describes architectural competition designs of three different pedestrian bridges in Poland. Nowadays footbridges not only have to meet communication requirements but also have to be well adapted to the surrounding environment. Presented footbridge concepts show different approaches to their inclusion in the landscape combined with engineering and architectural vision.</p>

Fatigue Testing of Cables – Issues and Lessons Learned

<p>Pedestrian bridge design is becoming more demanding and challenging as architects create new ways to experience bridges. This is particularly evident in the design of cable supported pedestrian structures.</p><p>Innovative and creative concepts require a higher level of fatigue testing to verify cable systems meet design demands and reach service design life.</p><p>The Scioto River Pedestrian Bridge is one such example of innovative pedestrian bridge design. The structure is a suspension bridge with a non-redundant main cable system. Cable supported pedestrian bridges have demonstrated a proclivity for fatigue issues in the past. To address this concern, refined fatigue testing requirements were developed which were intended to verify that the cable system and manufacturing quality control were fit for the unique structure demands. The lessons learned through the process of design, testing, and construction of the cables on this project are useful tools for teams seeking to successfully deliver future cable supported bridge projects.</p>

A Simplified Dynamic Analysis of Existing Pedestrian Bridges, a Possibility to get new Experience for Designing

<p>Technology gives us new instruments that can help us in our daily work. There is a rapid development of different kinds of sensors used in buildings, bridges, towers and other structures. These sensors can help us gather much information from our existing structures, which gives us the possibility to use a large amount of data obtained from real structures to evaluate our theoretical models used in the design and refine them.</p><p>In the topic of pedestrian bridges, it is interesting to evaluate their dynamic properties since they are sensible to the dynamic vertical and horizontal loads from people. The fundamental data for the dynamic behaviour of a pedestrian bridge are the eigenfrequencies, which can be obtained easily using an accelerometer. Today there is almost always one available since the mobile phones are equipped with them. With an application, it is easy to obtain the fundamental vibration frequency for a bridge and it is also possible to analyse the higher vibration modes in a frequency spectrum. Furthermore, it is easy to obtain a measurement of acceleration in the time domain from walking or running. Also the damping has a very important effect on the vibration level, and it can also be evaluated with measurements.</p><p>This tool can be used for evaluating a similar structure as the one to be designed and it could provide us with valuable insight in the dynamic behaviour of the structure. This paper presents some examples, where the theoretical results from models are compared with measurements of the finished bridges. The results from measurements are validated with a simple, well known structure.</p>