scholarly journals Study of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thoms. Flower Development: Morphological Variations in an Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
I A M R Ramadhani ◽  
A Salamah
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Cananga Odorata

Abstract Cananga odorata is a native plant in the Indonesian archipelago. The flowers are often used to produce essential oils with many uses and a distinct fragrance. This study aims to observe each stage of the Cananga odorata flower development. The flowers were obtained from a home garden in Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta, from November 2020 until January 2021. Further observations of the stamen and pistil developments were conducted using Dino-Lite Edge Digital Microscope AM4115 Series. The results show that Cananga odorata flower development can be categorized into bud, display-petal, initial-flowering, full-flowering, end-flowering, and senescence stages. The flowers require 35 days to develop from bud stage to flower senescence. Stamens and pistils also develop primarily during the bud stages and mature after flower anthesis. Flower mutants were also found and may be caused by a mutation in the flower’s homeotic genes. Each different stages of flower development show a different morphological change in the flower perianth and reproductive organs. A discrepancy of flower morphology within each stage, especially those seen during the anthesis stages, might imply a variation in the flower’s internal factors.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Different Stages of Cananga odorata Flower Development

Molecules ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 8965-8980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Wei Qin ◽  
Chao-Yun Hao ◽  
Shu-Zhen He ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Le-He Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions ◽  
Cananga Odorata

Antimicrobial Activity, Essential Oil Composition and Micromorphology of Trichomes of Satureja laxiflora C. Koch from Iran

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 777-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sonboli ◽  
Alireza Fakhari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kanani ◽  
Morteza Yousefzadi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Total Oil

The antimicrobial activity, essential oil composition and micromorphology of trichomes of Satureja laxiflora C. Koch, a native plant from Iran, were studied. The essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts at the flowering stage by hydrodistillation, and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-three compounds representing 99.1% of the total oil were characterized. The major compounds were thymol (63.9%) and γ-terpinene (11.9%) followed by carvacrol (4.8%), p-cymene (3.9%), geraniol (3.2%) and geranyl acetate (3.1%). Furthermore, the essential oil and its three main components were tested against two bacteria and three fungi. The result of the bioassays has been shown that the oil possesses potent antimicrobial property. Chemical studies confirmed that a major portion of this antimicrobial activity is due to thymol present in the oil. Micromorphological analysis by SEM of both vegetative and reproductive organs revealed the presence of abundant sessile capitate and sparse short-stalked glandular trichomes along with retrorse eglandular hairs, giving useful diagnostic characters for identification of this medicinal plant.

Genetic Control of Flower Development by Homeotic Genes in Antirrhinum majus

Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 250 (4983) ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Schwarz-Sommer ◽  
P. Huijser ◽  
W. Nacken ◽  
H. Saedler ◽  
H. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Homeotic Genes

scholarly journals Interactions between FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER4 and floral homeotic genes in regulating rice flower development

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Juhong Tao ◽  
Mingjiao Chen ◽  
Ludovico Dreni ◽  
Zhijing Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Floral Homeotic Genes ◽  
Floral Homeotic

Homeotic Genes Directing Flower Development in Antirrhinum

1992 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
D. J. Bradley ◽  
R. Carpenter ◽  
E. S. Coen ◽  
L. J. Copsey ◽  
S. Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Homeotic Genes

Overexpression of SlMBP22 in Tomato Affects Flower Morphology, Fruit Set and Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenfen Li ◽  
Yanhua Jia ◽  
Xinyu Chen ◽  
Shengen Zhou ◽  
Qiaoli Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Flower And Fruit Development ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Floral Homeotic

Abstract MADS-domain transcription factors have been clarified as key regulators involved in proper flower and fruit development in angiosperms. Bs genes, as members of the MADS-box subfamily, have been suggested to play an important role during the evolution of the reproductive organs in seed plants. Our knowledge about their effects on reproductive development in fruit crops like tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), however, is still unclear. Here, we found that the overexpression of SlMBP22 (SlMBP22-OE) resulted in considerable alterations regarding floral morphology, and affected the expression levels of several floral homeotic genes. Further analysis by yeast-two-hybrid assays demonstrated that SlMBP22 could form dimers with class A protein MACROCALYX (MC) and with SEPALLATA (SEP) floral homeotic proteins TM5 and TM29, respectively. In addition, pollen viability and cross-fertilization assays suggested that the defect in female reproductive development was responsible for infertility phenotype observed in the strong overexpression transgenic plants. The mild overexpression transgenic fruits were reduced in size, as a result of reduced cell expansion, rather than impaired cell division. Additionally, overexpression of SlMBP22 in tomato not only affected proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation but also altered seed dormancy. Taken together, these findings may provide new insights into the knowledge of Bs MADS-box genes in flower and fruit development in tomato.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-mediated regulation of flower development in grasses

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Smoczynska ◽  
Zofia Szweykowska-Kulinska
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Flower Structure ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Floral Organ Identity Genes

Flower structure in grasses is very unique. There are no petals or sepals like in eudicots but instead flowers develop bract-like structures –palea and lemma. Reproductive organs are enclosed by round lodicule that not only protects reproductive organs but also play important role during flower opening. First genetic model for floral organ development was proposed 25 years ago and it was based on the research on model eudicots. Since then studies have been made to answer the question whether this model could be applicable in case of monocots. Genes from all found in eudicots classes have been also indentified in genomes of such monocots like rice, maize or barley. What’s more it seems that miRNA-mediated regulation of floral organ genes that was observed in case of Arabidopsis thaliana also has a place in monocots. MiRNA172, miRNA159, miRNA171 and miRNA396 regulate expression of floral organ identity genes in barley, rice and maize affecting various features of flower structure from formation of lemma and palea to development of reproductive organs. Model of floral development in grasses and its genetic regulation in not yet fully characterized. Further studies on both model eudicots and grasses are needed to unravel this topic. This review provides general overview of genetic model of flower organ identity specification in monocots and it’s miRNA-mediated regulation.

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