scholarly journals Estimation of Seismic Economic Loss and Downtime of Precast Concrete Frames with “Dry” Connections

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032046
Author(s):  
Chenhao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Concrete Frames ◽  
Rapid Repair ◽  
Seismic Loss ◽  
Earthquake Loss ◽  
The City ◽  
Hazard Levels

Abstract The seismic loss of buildings comes not only from the damaged structural components. Much more loss may be induced by non-structural components, the demolition loss and social impacts associated with excessive downtime. One of the main characteristics of a resilient city is that the buildings in the city should be able to recover to their pre-earthquake functionalities with minimized economic loss and downtime. For this purpose, a comparative study regarding seismic economic loss and downtime is conducted between the conventional cast-in-situ reinforced concrete frames (RCFs) and precast concrete frames (PCFs) with "dry" connections. The results show that the PCFs with prestressed tendons (PTs) can effectively reduce demolition loss given their extraordinary self-centering capacity provided by PTs. By adding web friction devices at the beam ends, the economic loss of structural components and drift-sensitive non-structural components can be effectively reduced. The downtime of PCFs is reduced at given hazard levels compared with RCF given their rapid repair speed and easy assemblage. In view of the rapid post-earthquake repair and lower earthquake loss, the PCFs are worth further investigation and application to develop resilient cities.

scholarly journals Fragility Analysis and Risk Assessment of Precast Concrete Frames with “Dry” Connections: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032045
Author(s):  
Chenhao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Time History ◽  
Fragility Functions ◽  
Concrete Frames ◽  
Energy Dissipation Devices

Abstract Precast concrete frames (PCFs) with "dry" connections and self-centering capacity have been proposed as a new kind of seismic protective structural system with characteristics of damage controllable mechanism, easy-assemblage and rapid repair speed. The damage mechanism of PCFs are concentrated at the panel zones under earthquake excitations, so as to avoid damage to beam and column components. Through reasonable design for the PCFs, not only the structural and life safeties can be guaranteed, but also the seismic loss and social impact can be minimized. This paper conducts a comparative study between PCFs with "dry" connections and conventional cast-in-situ concrete frame. A generalized beam-column connection analytical model is utilized to predict the seismic behaviour of PCFs with energy dissipation devices, with an emphasis on the opening behaviour at beam-column interfaces, the self-centering capacity provided by prestressed tendons and the hysteresis behaviour provided by energy dissipation devices. Prototype PCFs or cast in situ frame structures are designed to achieve similar deformation capacities in Chinese highly seismic fortification zone. Probabilistic seismic capacity analyses (PSCA) are conducted based on the results of probabilistic pushover analyses and Latin Hypercube Sampling. Incremental dynamic analysis method combined with nonlinear time history analyses are utilized to conduct probabilistic seismic demand analyses (PSDA). Fragility functions of different structural systems are derived based on the convolution of PSCA and PSDA. Finally, the seismic risk is evaluated based on the fragility functions and the developed Chinese seismic code compliant hazard functions. The results indicate that PCFs with energy dissipation devices can have lower seismic risk than conventional cast-in-site frames.

Behavior of HPFRC Connections for Precast Concrete Frames Under Reversed Cyclic Loading

PCI Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Vasconez ◽  
Antoine E. Naaman ◽  
James K. Wight
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Concrete Frames ◽  
Reversed Cyclic Loading ◽  
Reversed Cyclic

scholarly journals Rapid Multi-Hybridisation FISH Screening for Balanced Porcine Reciprocal Translocations Suggests a Much Higher Abnormality Rate Than Previously Appreciated

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Rebecca E O’Connor ◽  
Lucas G Kiazim ◽  
Claudia C Rathje ◽  
Rebecca L Jennings ◽  
Darren K Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Farrowing Rate ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

With demand rising, pigs are the world’s leading source of meat protein; however significant economic loss and environmental damage can be incurred if boars used for artificial insemination (AI) are hypoprolific (sub-fertile). Growing evidence suggests that semen analysis is an unreliable tool for diagnosing hypoprolificacy, with litter size and farrowing rate being more applicable. Once such data are available, however, any affected boar will have been in service for some time, with significant financial and environmental losses incurred. Reciprocal translocations (RTs) are the leading cause of porcine hypoprolificacy, reportedly present in 0.47% of AI boars. Traditional standard karyotyping, however, relies on animal specific expertise and does not detect more subtle (cryptic) translocations. Previously, we reported development of a multiple hybridisation fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) strategy; here, we report on its use in 1641 AI boars. A total of 15 different RTs were identified in 69 boars, with four further animals XX/XY chimeric. Therefore, 4.5% had a chromosome abnormality (4.2% with an RT), a 0.88% incidence. Revisiting cases with both karyotype and FISH information, we reanalysed captured images, asking whether the translocation was detectable by karyotyping alone. The results suggest that chromosome translocations in boars may be significantly under-reported, thereby highlighting the need for pre-emptive screening by this method before a boar enters a breeding programme.

scholarly journals Cyclic Deformation of Microcantilevers Using In-Situ Micromanipulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. S. Iyer ◽  
M. H. Colliander
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Cyclic Testing ◽  
Phase Boundaries ◽  
Bulk Specimen ◽  
Arbitrary Position ◽  
Three Degrees Of Freedom

Abstract Background The trend in miniaturisation of structural components and continuous development of more advanced crystal plasticity models point towards the need for understanding cyclic properties of engineering materials at the microscale. Though the technology of focused ion beam milling enables the preparation of micron-sized samples for mechanical testing using nanoindenters, much of the focus has been on monotonic testing since the limited 1D motion of nanoindenters imposes restrictions on both sample preparation and cyclic testing. Objective/Methods In this work, we present an approach for cyclic microcantilever bending using a micromanipulator setup having three degrees of freedom, thereby offering more flexibility. Results The method has been demonstrated and validated by cyclic bending of Alloy 718plus microcantilevers prepared on a bulk specimen. The experiments reveal that this method is reliable and produces results that are comparable to a nanoindenter setup. Conclusions Due to the flexibility of the method, it offers straightforward testing of cantilevers manufactured at arbitrary position on bulk samples with fully reversed plastic deformation. Specific microstructural features, e.g., selected orientations, grain boundaries, phase boundaries etc., can therefore be easily targeted.

scholarly journals Waterlogging Risk Assessment: An Undervalued Disaster Risk in Coastal Urban Community of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-173
Author(s):  
Md. Rezuanul Islam ◽  
Debasish Roy Raja
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
City Area ◽  
Inventory Map ◽  
The City

In recent years, rainfall-induced waterlogging has become a common hazard in the highly urbanized coastal city of Chattogram, Bangladesh, resulting in a high magnitude of property damage and economic loss. Therefore, the primary objective of this research was to prepare a waterlogging inventory map and understand the spatial variations of the risk by means of hazard intensity, exposure, and vulnerability of waterlogging. In this research, the inventory map and factors influencing waterlogging hazards were determined from a participatory survey, and other spatial data, including land elevation, population, and structural data, were collected from secondary sources. The analytical hierarchy process was applied to measure the hazard intensity, and the exposure and vulnerability were estimated by overlaying the spatial data onto the hazard intensity map. A total of 58 locations were identified as waterlogging affected, which covered ~8.42% of the city area. We showed that ~3.03% of the city area was greatly vulnerable to waterlogging in terms of their social, infrastructure, critical facilities, economic, and environmental vulnerabilities. The obtained waterlogging risk index map suggested that ~2.71% of the study area was at very high risk, followed by moderate (~0.15%), low (~3.89%), and very low (~1.67%). The risk analysis presented in this study was a simple method that can be applied to assess the relative risk of waterlogging in different regions, and the results were applicable to the prevention and mitigation of waterlogging for Chattogram City.

Claudin-2 is selectively expressed in proximal nephron in mouse kidney

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. F966-F974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa H. Enck ◽  
Urs V. Berger ◽  
Alan S. L. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Confocal Images ◽  
Leaky Epithelium

First published August 15, 2001; 10.1152/ajprenal.00021.2001.—The proximal nephron possesses a leaky epithelium with unique paracellular permeability properties that underlie its high rate of passive NaCl and water reabsorption, but the molecular basis is unknown. The claudins are a large family of transmembrane proteins that are part of the tight junction complex and likely form structural components of a paracellular pore. To localize claudin-2 in the mouse kidney, we performed in situ hybridization using an isoform-specific riboprobe and immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody directed against a COOH-terminal peptide. Claudin-2 mRNA and protein were found throughout the proximal tubule and in the contiguous early segment of the thin descending limb of long-looped nephrons. The level of expression demonstrated an axial increase from proximal to distal segments. In confocal images, the subcellular localization of claudin-2 protein coincided with that of the tight junction protein ZO-1. Our findings suggest that claudin-2 is a component of the paracellular pathway of the most proximal segments of the nephron and that it may be responsible for their uniquely leaky permeability properties.

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