A Conceptual Framework for Allocation of Federally Stockpiled Ventilators During Large-Scale Public Health Emergencies

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Zaza ◽  
Lisa M. Koonin ◽  
Adebola Ajao ◽  
Scott V. Nystrom ◽  
Richard Branson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Emergencies

Current State of (Dis)Integration: Public Health and Fusion Centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Minks ◽  
Anke Richter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fusion Centers ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Public Health Information

AbstractObjectiveResponding to large-scale public health emergencies relies heavily on planning and collaboration between law enforcement and public health officials. This study examines the current level of information sharing and integration between these domains by measuring the inclusion of public health in the law enforcement functions of fusion centers.MethodsSurvey of all fusion centers, with a 29.9% response rate.ResultsOnly one of the 23 responding fusion centers had true public health inclusion, a decrease from research conducted in 2007. Information sharing is primarily limited to information flowing out of the fusion center, with little public health information coming in. Most of the collaboration is done on a personal, informal, ad-hoc basis. There remains a large misunderstanding of roles, capabilities, and regulations by all parties (fusion centers and public health). The majority of the parties appear to be willing to work together, but there but there is no forward momentum to make these desires a reality. Funding and staffing issues seem to be the limiting factor for integration.ConclusionThese problems need to be urgently addressed to increase public health preparedness and enable a decisive and beneficial response to public health emergencies involving a homeland security response.

In Preparation or Response: Examining Health Care Coalitions Amid a Changing Economic and Political Landscape

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Dornauer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Operations Capabilities

ABSTRACTThe Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response within the US Department of Health and Human Services leads the nation in preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the adverse health effects of public health emergencies, in part through formal collaborations between hospitals, health systems, community health centers, public health departments, and community organizations via health care coalitions (HCCs). HCCs endeavor to meet the medical surge demands inherent to disasters and to improve health outcomes before, during, and after public health emergencies. Nevertheless, significant changes in health economics and policy can impact the operations, capabilities, and scope of HCCs. Specifically, hospital consolidation and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) are altering the national health care landscape, as well as the emergency preparedness sector, and are challenging HCCs to adapt to large-scale, industry-wide transformations. This article examines HCCs in the context of the developments of hospital consolidation and the ACA in order to facilitate future discourse regarding the strategy and policy of HCCs amid a changing economic and political landscape. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:698–703)

How Can We Strengthen the Evidence Base in Public Health Preparedness?

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Nelson ◽  
Ellen Burke Beckjord ◽  
David J. Dausey ◽  
Edward Chan ◽  
Debra Lotstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Public Health Systems Research

ABSTRACTThe lack of frequent real-world opportunities to study preparedness for large-scale public health emergencies has hindered the development of an evidence base to support best practices, performance measures, standards, and other tools needed to assess and improve the nation’s multibillion dollar investment in public health preparedness. In this article, we argue that initial funding priorities for public health systems research on preparedness should focus on using engineering-style methods to identify core preparedness processes, developing novel data sources and measures based on smaller-scale proxy events, and developing performance improvement approaches to support the translation of research into practice within the wide variety of public health systems found in the nation. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:247–250)

Evolving Need for Alternative Triage Management in Public Health Emergencies: A Hurricane Katrina Case Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. S40-S44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly R. Klein ◽  
Paul E. Pepe ◽  
Frederick M. Burkle ◽  
Nanci E. Nagel ◽  
Raymond E. Swienton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Multiple Casualty Incidents ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Medical Planning

ABSTRACTIn many countries, traditional medical planning for disasters developed largely in response to battlefield and multiple casualty incidents, generally involving corporal injuries. The mass evacuation of a metropolitan population in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina evolved into life-and-death triage scenarios involving thousands of patients with nontraumatic illnesses and special medical needs. Although unprecedented in the United States, triage management needs for this disaster were similar to other large-scale public health emergencies, both natural and human-generated, that occurred globally in the past half-century. The need for alternative triage-management processes similar to the methodologies of other global mass public health emergencies is illustrated through the experience of disaster medical assistance teams in the first 3 days following Katrina's landfall. The immediate establishment of disaster-specific, consensus-based, public health emergency–related triage protocols—developed with ethical and legal expertise and a renewed focus on multidimensional, multifactorial matrix decision-making processes—is strongly recommended. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2(Suppl 1):S40–S44)

scholarly journals Utility of Pan-Family Assays for Rapid Viral Screening: Reducing Delays in Public Health Responses During Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Erlichster ◽  
Gursharan Chana ◽  
Daniela Zantomio ◽  
Benjamin Goudey ◽  
Efstratios Skafidas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Test Specificity ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Genomic Regions

SummaryBackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted deficiencies in the testing capacity of many developed countries during the early stages of emerging pandemics. Here we describe the potential for pan-family viral assays to improve early accessibility of large-scale nucleic acid testing.MethodsCoronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 were used as a case-study for investigating the utility of pan-family viral assays during the early stages of a novel pandemic. Specificity of a pan-coronavirus (Pan-CoV) assay for viral detection was assessed using the frequency of common human coronavirus (HCoV) species in key populations. A reported Pan-CoV assay was assessed to determine sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 and 59 other coronavirus species. The resilience of the primer target regions of this assay to mutation was assessed in 8893 high quality SARS-CoV-2 genomes to predict ongoing utility during pandemic progression.FindingsDue to infection with common HCoV species, a Pan-CoV assay would return a false positive for as few as 1% of asymptomatic adults, but up to 30% of immunocompromised patients displaying symptoms of respiratory disease. Two of the four reported pan-coronavirus assays would have identified SARS-CoV-2 and we demonstrate that with small adjustments to the primers, these assays can accommodate novel variation observed in animal coronaviruses. The assay target region of one well established Pan-CoV assay is highly resistant to mutation compared to regions targeted by other widely applied SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assays.InterpretationPan-family assays have the potential to greatly assist management of emerging public health emergencies through prioritization of high-resolution testing or isolation measures, despite limitations in test specificity due to cross-reactivity with common pathogens. Targeting highly conserved genomic regions make pan-family assays robust and resilient to mutation of a given virus. This approach may be applicable to other viral families and has utility as part of a strategic stockpile of tests maintained to better contain spread of novel diseases prior to the widespread availability of specific assays.

scholarly journals No evidence that collective-good appeals best promote Covid-related health behaviors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Rabb ◽  
David Glick ◽  
Attiyya N Houston ◽  
Jake Bowers ◽  
David Vincent Yokum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Collective Good ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Message Strategy ◽  
Vaccine Information

Invoking the good of the community is common guidance for promoting public health behaviors, appearing in academic articles, policy briefs, and the popular press. This strategy may seem intuitive in public health emergencies that require large-scale, community-wide efforts. But recent work suggests it is not effective in promoting Covid-19 preventive behaviors relative to appeals that are closer to home (one's own or one's family's wellbeing). In a survey experiment (N = 500), we find that appeals to the wellbeing of the community did not increase Covid-19 vaccine information-seeking at a critical juncture—December 2020, when vaccine rollout plans had just been released publicly. Rather, appeals to the wellbeing of people's family's fared slightly better. This message strategy is more likely to be effective in promoting vaccine uptake.

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