scholarly journals Fluorescence measurements of cytosolic free Na concentration, influx and efflux in gastric cells.

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Negulescu ◽  
A Harootunian ◽  
R Y Tsien ◽  
T E Machen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Acetoxymethyl Ester ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Na Efflux ◽  
Rapid Perfusion ◽  
Acid Secreting

Regulation of cytosolic free Na (Nai) was measured in isolated rabbit gastric glands with the use of a recently developed fluorescent indicator for sodium, SBFI. Intracellular loading of the indicator was achieved by incubation with an acetoxymethyl ester of the dye. Digital imaging of fluorescence was used to monitor Nai in both acid-secreting parietal cells and enzyme-secreting chief cells within intact glands. In situ calibration of Nai with ionophores indicated that SBFI fluorescence (345/385 nm excitation ratio) could resolve 2 mM changes in Nai and was relatively insensitive to changes in K or pH. Measurements on intact glands showed that basal Nai was 8.5 +/- 2.2 mM in parietal cells and 9.2 +/- 3 mM in chief cells. Estimates of Na influx and efflux were made by measuring rates of Nai change after inactivation or reactivation of the Na/K ATPase in a rapid perfusion system. Na/K ATPase inhibition resulting from the removal of extracellular K (Ko) caused Nai to increase at 3.2 +/- 1.5 mM/min and 3.5 +/- 2.7 mM/min in parietal and chief cells, respectively. Na buffering was found to be negligible. Addition of 5 mM Ko and removal of extracellular Na (Nao) caused Nai to decrease rapidly toward 0 mM Na. By subtracting passive Na efflux under these conditions (the rate at which Nai decreased in Na-free solution containing ouabain), an activation curve (dNai/Nai) for the Na/K ATPase was calculated. The pump demonstrated the greatest sensitivity between 5 and 20 mM Nai. At 37 degrees C the pump rate was less than 3 mM/min at 5 mM Nai and 26 mM/min at 25 mM Nai, indicating that the pump has a great ability to respond to changes in Nai in this range. Carbachol, which stimulates secretion from both cell types, was found to stimulate Na influx in both cell types, but did not have detectable effects on Na efflux. dbcAMP+IBMX, potent stimulants of acid secretion, had no effect on Na metabolism.

scholarly journals Comparative Histological Study of the Stomach in Two Species of Iraqi Vertebrates (Magpie Pica pica L. and Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus E.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0281
Author(s):  
AL –Nakeeb Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Herpestes Javanicus ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells ◽  
Muscularis Externa

          A histological study showed the wall of the stomach in Pica pica and Herpestes javanicus consists of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. Also, the present study showed many  differences in the histological structures of the stomach for each in both types. The stomach of P. pica consists of two portions: the proventiculus and gizzard, while the stomach of H. javanicus consists of three portions: cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. The mucosa layer formed short gastric folds, named plicae. In the proventiculus of P. pica, sulcus is found between each two plicae, but the folds called gastric pits in the gizzard, which are full with koilin. Lamina properia in both types contained gastric glands (straight simple tubular glands) named superficial glands, as well as another gastric gland found in the submucosa layer of the proventiculus in P. pica only named deep gastric glands. The gastric gland in the stomach of H. javanicus contained: mucous neck cells and parietal cells positive to AB/PAS stains in cardiac portion, as well as chief cells in fundic portion, but pyloric portion had just mucous neck cells. Muscularis externa in both types formed two muscle layers: inner and outer layer.

Role of vacuolation in the death of gastric epithelial cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. C48-C58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Hagen ◽  
S. Takahashi ◽  
R. Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Chief Cell ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bafilomycin A1 ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Chief Cells

The effect of vacuolation on survival of gastric epithelial cells was studied in rabbit gastric glands (RGG) incubated with ammonia and bafilomycin A1, a potent inhibitor of vacuolar ATPase activity. In ammonia, large vacuoles formed and cell survival was reduced to 47.2 +/- 3.4% at 6 h (59.5 +/- 3.8%, buffer). Bafilomycin A1 added at the start to RGG incubated with ammonia inhibited vacuole formation but did not improve cell survival (48.7 +/- 2.8% at 6 h). Bafilomycin A1 added 1-2 h after addition of ammonia reduced the size of vacuoles but did not alter cell survival. Cell survival was not affected by inhibiting protein synthesis. When incubated with ammonia, parietal cells dissociated from the gland and ruptured. After this, chief cells condensed and formed expensive blebs that contained fragmented nuclei. We conclude that 1)ammonia-induced vacuolation of gastric epithelial cells does not influence cell survival, 2) ammonia facilitates necrosis in parietal cells and apoptosis in chief cells, and 3) chief cell survival, in some manner, may be dependent on parietal cells.

Direct measurement of free Ca in organelles of gastric epithelial cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (3) ◽  
pp. G442-G451 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Hofer ◽  
T. E. Machen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Acetoxymethyl Ester ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Free Concentration ◽  
Fura 2 ◽  
Gastric Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Inhibitors ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
The Relationship

When loaded as the acetoxymethyl ester (AM) derivative, the fluorescent probe mag-fura 2 accumulates in both the cytoplasm and the subcellular compartments. The relatively high dissociation constant of this dye for Ca (53 microM) permits the measurement of changes in the free concentration of this ion in a variety of organelles where Ca concentration ([Ca]) is high. To characterize Ca stores in gastric cells, we used digitonin to permeabilize cells within isolated rabbit gastric glands loaded with mag-fura 2-AM. This allowed cytosolic dye to leak out, leaving only compartmentalized dye behind. It appears that mag-fura 2 monitors [Ca] changes in several ATP-dependent Ca-sequestering pools; an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-releasable and thapsigargin-sensitive store (which probably includes the endoplasmic reticulum), a pool that is released by the mitochondrial inhibitors oligomycin+azide, valinomycin, carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone, and ruthenium red (and therefore likely represents mitochondria), and a residual pool that was resistant to release by mitochondrial inhibitors and thapsigargin. Ca sequestration into all pools was sensitive to changes in [ATP], indicating that treatments that reduce cellular [ATP] will cause certain organelles to lose their Ca to the cytoplasm. Caffeine and ryanodine, which mobilize Ca from internal stores in many cell types, induced Ca sequestration into an IP3-insensitive store of gastric cells, and caffeine caused a reduction in cytoplasmic [Ca] (as measured with fura 2). We also show that the quantitation of free [Ca] in a given pool is complicated by a nonlinearity in the relationship between the mag-fura 2 ratio and [Ca]. This effect is likely a consequence of monitoring the fluorescence from multiple pools simultaneously. However, this limitation does not detract from the ability of this method to yield important qualitative information about the nature and number of Ca stores within single gastric cells.

Comparative morphology of the stomach of some laboratory mammals

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Ghoshal ◽  
H. S. Bal
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Glandular Stomach ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Predominant Cell Type

Histomorphology of the stomach of mouse, rat, hamster, guineapig, gerbil, and rabbit was studied. Although a common structural basis existed in the stomach between these species, the occurrence and distribution of various cells in gastric glands differed considerably between them. In mice, rats, hamsters and gerbils, the lower one-third of the glandular lamina propria was seemingly occupied by a varying proportion of parietal and chief cells. In rabbits, the predominantly occurring chief cells were distributed in the lower three-quarters of the glands intermingling with parietal cells, but in guineapigs the chief cells were not discernible. In hamsters, there was, however, a gradual increase of chief cells from the junction between nonglandular-glandular stomach toward the pyloric region. In all these species, parietal cells were the predominant cell type in the upper half to upper one-third of the gastric glands, often extending up to the neck of the glands interspersing between mucus neck cells and occasionally between chief cells.

Immunolocalization of anion exchanger AE2 and cation exchanger NHE-1 in distinct adjacent cells of gastric mucosa

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. C559-C568 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stuart-Tilley ◽  
C. Sardet ◽  
J. Pouyssegur ◽  
M. A. Schwartz ◽  
D. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Parietal Cell ◽  
Anion Exchanger ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Basolateral Membranes ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells

The gastric mucosa secretes both protons and bicarbonate. The molecular identity of the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase, which mediates acid secretion, has long been known, but the other components of the secretory machinery and their cellular disposition are less well characterized. This study identifies and localizes in rat and rabbit gastric mucosa a chloride-bicarbonate exchanger protein and a Na(+)-H+ exchanger protein. The previously described band 3-related protein of the parietal cell has been identified by isoform-specific antibodies as anion exchanger (AE) 2 and localized to the basolateral membranes of the parietal cells. The Na(+)-H+ exchanger protein NHE-1 was located in the basolateral membranes of the mucous neck cells, interdigitated between the parietal cells of the gastric glands and in the basolateral membranes of the surface mucous cells. Neither transporter protein was abundantly expressed deep in the gland, where most of the pepsinogen cells reside. Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) was expressed at higher abundance in the surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells, which expressed NHE-1, than in the parietal cells, which expressed AE2. The morphological evidence identified AE2 as a major parietal cell anion exchanger, whereas NHE-1 and CA II colocalized in mucous neck, chief, and surface mucous cells. We propose that all three of these cell types contribute to gastric bicarbonate secretion.

scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA IN THE BAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Ito ◽  
Robert J. Winchester
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells

A description of the cytology of the gastric mucosa is presented based upon an electron microscopic investigation of the bat stomach. The fine structure of the various cell types in this species is fundamentally similar to that of the corresponding cell types of other mammals, but the relative cell numbers and distribution are somewhat different. (a). The surface mucous cells are identified by their superficial location and by the character of their dense secretory granules. (b). The mucous neck cells are distinguished by a characteristically different appearance and distribution of their mucous granules, and by their varied shape and their location between parietal cells. (c). The parietal cells are very large and have unusually prominent secretory canaliculi and an extraordinary number of large mitochondria. (d). The chief cells are found at the base of the gastric glands and are similar in their fine structure to other zymogenic cells. They contain many large zymogen granules and have an extensively developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. The latter is sometimes aggregated in unusual, hexagonally packed straight tubules, each with twelve longitudinal rows of ribosomes uniformly spaced around its circumference and with the rows of ribosomes in precise register with those of adjoining tubules. (e). Argentaffin cells lodged between other cell types vary sufficiently in the structure of their mitochondria and the character of their specific granules to suggest that they are of more than one kind. The majority are at the base of the epithelium but some extend to the lumen and bear microvilli on their free surface.

scholarly journals Purification of Parietal and Chief Cells from the Gastric Mucosa

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1650-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Graham
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Acid Secreting

Acid-secreting parietal cells from the gastric mucosa are widely studied as a model in studies on ion transport. A discontinuous gradient of iodixanol has been found to be superior to earlier protocols using Nycodenz® and this method, which removes a significant amount of contaminating cells and mucus is a very useful prelude to further purification by elutriation.

scholarly journals Comparative Histological Study of the Stomach in Two Species of Iraqi Vertebrates (Magpie Pica pica L. and Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus E.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0281
Author(s):  
AL –Nakeeb Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Herpestes Javanicus ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells ◽  
Muscularis Externa

          A histological study showed the wall of the stomach in Pica pica and Herpestes javanicus consists of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. Also, the present study showed many  differences in the histological structures of the stomach for each in both types. The stomach of P. pica consists of two portions: the proventiculus and gizzard, while the stomach of H. javanicus consists of three portions: cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. The mucosa layer formed short gastric folds, named plicae. In the proventiculus of P. pica, sulcus is found between each two plicae, but the folds called gastric pits in the gizzard, which are full with koilin. Lamina properia in both types contained gastric glands (straight simple tubular glands) named superficial glands, as well as another gastric gland found in the submucosa layer of the proventiculus in P. pica only named deep gastric glands. The gastric gland in the stomach of H. javanicus contained: mucous neck cells and parietal cells positive to AB/PAS stains in cardiac portion, as well as chief cells in fundic portion, but pyloric portion had just mucous neck cells. Muscularis externa in both types formed two muscle layers: inner and outer layer.

scholarly journals Demonstration of a pH gradient in the gastric gland of the acid-secreting guinea pig mucosa

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. G597-G604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Schreiber ◽  
Thanh Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Manuela Stüben ◽  
Peter Scheid
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
High Acceleration ◽  
Gastric Lumen ◽  
Acid Secreting

The gastric mucosa is covered by a continuous layer of mucus. Although important for understanding the mechanism of this protective function, only scarce information exists about the pH inside the gastric gland and its outlet. pH in the lumen of the gastric glands, in the outlet of gastric crypts, and in the adjacent cells was measured in the isolated acid-secreting mucosa of the guinea pig. Ultrafine double-barreled pH microelectrodes were advanced at high acceleration rates through the gastric mucus and the tissue to ensure precise intracellular and gland lumen pH measurements. A pH gradient was found to exist along the gastric gland, where the pH is 3.0 at parietal cells, i.e., in the deepest regions, and increases to 4.6 at the crypt outlet. Intracellular pH (pHi) of epithelial cells bordering a crypt outlet, and of neck cells bordering a gland, was acidic, averaging 6.0 and 6.5, respectively. pHi of deep cells bordering a gland was nearly neutral, averaging 7.1, and the secreting parietal cells were characterized by a slightly alkaline pHi of 7.5. This gland pH gradient is in general agreement with a model that we recently proposed for proton transport in the gastric mucus, in which protons secreted by the parietal cells are buffered to and transported with the simultaneously secreted mucus toward the gastric lumen, where they are liberated from the degraded mucus.

scholarly journals Novel insights of the gastric gland organization revealed by chief cell specific expression of moesin

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. G185-G195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Zhu ◽  
Jason Hatakeyama ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Joy Makdisi ◽  
Cody Ender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Chief Cell ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Pepsinogen C ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells

ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) proteins play critical roles in epithelial and endothelial cell polarity, among other functions. In gastric glands, ezrin is mainly expressed in acid-secreting parietal cells, but not in mucous neck cells or zymogenic chief cells. In looking for other ERM proteins, moesin was found lining the lumen of much of the gastric gland, but it was not expressed in parietal cells. No significant radixin expression was detected in the gastric glands. Moesin showed an increased gradient of expression from the neck to the base of the glands. In addition, the staining pattern of moesin revealed a branched morphology for the gastric lumen. This pattern of short branches extending from the glandular lumen was confirmed by using antibody against zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) to stain tight junctions. With a mucous neck cell probe (lectin GSII, from Griffonia simplicifolia) and a chief cell marker (pepsinogen C), immunohistochemistry revealed that the mucous neck cells at the top of the glands do not express moesin, but, progressing toward the base, mucous cells showing decreased GSII staining had low or moderate level of moesin expression. The level of moesin expression continued to increase toward the base of the glands and reached a plateau in the base where chief cells and parietal cells abound. The level of pepsinogen expression also increased toward the base. Pepsinogen C was located on cytoplasmic granules and/or more generally distributed in chief cells, whereas moesin was exclusively expressed on the apical membrane. This is a clear demonstration of distinctive cellular expression of two ERM family members in the same tissue. The results provide the first evidence that moesin is involved in the cell biology of chief cells. Novel insights on gastric gland morphology revealed by the moesin and ZO-1 staining provide the basis for a model of cell maturation and migration within the gland.

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