Transfers and Safety Nets in Poor Countries: Revisiting the Trade-Offs and Policy Options

2006 ◽  
pp. 203-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ravallion
Basic Rights ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Henry Shue

This chapter evaluates the right conventionally most emphatically endorsed in North Atlantic theory: rights to liberties. Some liberties merit attention for many reasons, not the least of which is a strange convergence between supposed “friends” of liberty in the North Atlantic and rulers in the poorer countries who would share the emphasis on the priority of subsistence rights. Both groups have converged upon the “trade-off” thesis: subsistence can probably be enjoyed in poor countries only by means of “trade-offs” with liberties. This thesis might also be called the theory of reluctantly repressive development. The chapter shows that although the advocates of repressive development profess a strong commitment to the provision of subsistence, those theories of repressive development must be sharply distinguished from the theory of basic rights presented in this book. One of the several major differences is the place assigned here to at least some liberties, and the chapter indicates how fundamentally the same argument that establishes security rights and subsistence rights as basic rights also justifies the acknowledgement of at least certain political liberties and certain freedom of movement as equally basic. The basic liberties will turn out to include the liberty of participation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 19-62
Author(s):  
Joseph Heath

Despite the fact that there is an obvious normative dimension to the problem of anthropogenic climate change, environmental ethicists have so far not had much influence on policy deliberations. This is primarily because mainstream views in the philosophical literature have policy implications that are implausibly extreme. This chapter begins by considering the case of traditional environmental ethics, and the debate over anthropocentrism that has dominated this literature. Far from generating specific policy recommendations, this perspective has tended rather to generate only pluralism, if not outright skepticism about value. These difficulties led to the emergence of a second wave of environmental philosophers, who have attempted to grapple with the issues raised by climate change using the tools of normative political philosophy. Many of these frameworks have also failed to make a productive contribution because their deontological structure makes them poorly tailored to consideration of the trade-offs involved in different policy options.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc Khanh Duong

Abstract In recent years, the term "climate change" has been increasingly receiving a lot of attention from scholars and policy makers, adversely affecting the lives of people (mostly of the poor) around the world in the present, and threatening the environment quality in the future. With many concerns about environmental degradation, countries tend to transform economic growth models causing negative impacts on the environment, especially for those in the stage of industrialization and modernization. This study was aimed at investigating the trade-offs between economic development and climate change among poor nations – the most affected by and most likely causing to climate change. By using a dynamic common correlated effects approach for unbalanced panel data which deals with cross-sectional dependency and time-series persistence, the paper showed that GDP is strongly correlated to CO2 emissions both in the short and long run, and one of the reasons is the use of CO2-generating energy sources.JEL classification: C23, O44, Q54


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Dr. V. Darling Selvi, ◽  
◽  
K. Veilatchi

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated economic crisis are posing huge challenges, raising many unknowns, and imposing wrenching trade-offs. Both crises are global, but their impacts are deeply local. The policy response to both crises needs to be rapid, even if it is rough around the edges. But countries cannot pull this off on their own—the global crises require global solidarity and coordination. Governments must dramatically overhaul policies and invest in public health, economic stimulus, and social safety nets, to help countries recover faster from the COVID-19 pandemic. The economic report warns that a patchwork of preexisting solutions won’t work and points out those governments must coordinate with each other to hasten the recovery. This is a global crisis and working in silos is not an option, it says. The report `Position Note on the Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 in Asia-Pacific` calls on countries in the region to avoid returning to the pre-pandemic environmentally unsustainable development path, and to capitalize on the opportunity to build a better future. The study covers the primary data collected related to the topic and primary data was collected through Google forms sample size of 78. The collected primary data was analyzed by using Paired sample test, KMO and Bartlett`s Test, and Factor Analysis with the help of SPSS.


2015 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Markandya ◽  
A. Antimiani ◽  
V. Costantini ◽  
C. Martini ◽  
A. Palma ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Spies-Butcher ◽  
Ben Phillips ◽  
Troy Henderson

Despite growing interest in proposals for a universal basic income, little advance has been made in implementation. Here we explore policy options for an Australian Basic Income. Our analysis responds to concerns that Basic Income is both too expensive and too radical a departure from existing welfare state structures to be a feasible policy option. Drawing on policy and Basic Income scholarship we identify changes to Australia’s current means-tested benefits structures that move substantially towards Basic Income while remaining consistent with historic policy norms, which we call ‘affluence testing’. Using microsimulation we explore fiscal and distributional trade-offs associated with the implementation of an affluence-tested Basic Income. Our results suggest Basic Income has the potential to significantly reduce inequality and poverty while also requiring taxes to rise substantially. Placing these trade-offs in international context we find the policy would reduce inequality to levels similar to Nordic welfare states while increasing overall taxation to approximately the OECD average. JEL Codes: I3, H2, H5


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