Evidence of the adaptive market hypothesis in shares traded by B3 listed banking companies

PurposeThe authors aim to verify the indicators that influence the efficiency reported by Brazilian listed financial companies.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consists of companies in the financial segment that have shares traded in B3, comprising nine institutions from 2000 to 2018 were selected. The authors adopted the regression model with unbalanced panel data to analyze the data. The dependent is the efficiency, which the authors calculated using Hurst Exponent. As independent variables, we used the sector-specific indicators: earnings management, banking resilience, management efficiency, and profitability. The authors controlled the models by size and type of control.FindingsThe findings indicate that the efficiency of financial companies' securities is affected by aspects related to management, resilience, and efficiency in administration. The lower the earnings management, the greater the banking resilience, the efficiency in the management of resources, and the efficiency of stock prices of these companies. These results show that efficiency is affected by intrinsic factors of the entities, corroborating the hypothesis that markets adapt, among others, to institutional factors.Originality/valueMany users of financial institutions understand whether their stock prices reflect the information provided by accounting. The findings are original because they provide evidence that institutional factors affect the efficiency of companies in the Brazilian financial segment.

Infrastructure and Income Inequality in Indonesia: 2009-2017

In the economic development field, physical and social infrastructure have been argued to affect income inequality despite the mixed results. This study examines the impact of physical and social infrastructure (education and health) on income inequality in Indonesia using 34 provincial unbalanced panel data during 2009-2017. Infrastructure summary indices are constructed, and the impacts of infrastructure on income inequality are estimated by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The findings conclude that physical and social (education) infrastructure contributes to income inequality increases in Indonesia though not robustly significant. Regarding health infrastructure, this study cannot definitely infer its nexus with income inequality since only the model of one-step different-GMM is significant. The result implies that the government needs to consider providing better distribution of infrastructure among income groups to improve income distribution.

Death Infectious: Impact of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Stock Returns

This study examines the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on stock returns. The independent variables are daily new deaths and daily new cases. The sample that uses in this study is financial sector, one of the most crucial sectors in an economy. Total sample is 22,930 observations during the period from March to December in 2020. This study uses unbalanced panel data and multiple regression to prove those hypotheses. The result shows that the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) hurt on stock returns. Investors feel anxious and frightened to hear the news regarding the increasing number of deaths and the number of new cases. Investors prefer to delay investment until the capital market returns to normal. Furthermore, during the pandemic period, Friday's effect may reduce losses from stock returns. The implication of this study is that an increase in the number of deaths and the number of new cases can reduce stock returns. The government needs to suppress bad news circulating in the mass media in order to reduce investor anxiety.

THE EFFECT OF WOMEN EXECUTIVE ON BANK PERFORMANCE (STUDY ON BANKING FIRMS LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE IN THE PERIOD OF 2010 – 2019)

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Women Executive on the bank performance of banking firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period of 2010- 2019. Independent variables used in this study is women executive which is measured with female CEO. Dependent variable used in this study is bank performance which is measured with Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). This study also uses control variables including board of commissioner size, the proportion of foreign commissioner, the proportion of independent commissioner, firm size, firm growth, dividend policy, firm age, Net Performing Loan (NPL), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). The data used in this study is taken from annual report of banking firms that are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2010-2019. The sampling method of this study is purposive sampling. The research model used is unbalanced panel data with Random Effect Model approach. The results obtained from this research is female CEO has significant effect on ROE, but does not have significant effect on ROA.

The Influence of Good Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility on the Value of Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

This reasearch purpose to examine the Good Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility both simultaneously and partially to Firm Value on Indonesian Banks in the period of 2011-2015. The methode of analysis used in this reasearch is path analysis for hypotesting test and SPSS for classic assumption test. The type used in this reasearch is study are causality, using purposive sampling method and unbalanced panel data. The object of this reasearch consists of 11 banks with 38 observational data. The results show that (1) Good Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility simultaneously no influence to firm value; (2) Good Corporate Governance has no influence to firm value; (3) Corporate Social Responsibility has no influence to firm value.

Penyaluran Kredit dan Tingkat Likuiditas: Bukti Empiris pada Bank Umum di Indonesia

This paper examines the effect of bank lending on liquidity. We use the loan-to-deposit ratio as a proxy for liquidity and total loan as a proxy for bank lending. We also consider the measurement of liquidity with non-performing loans (NPL) and return on assets (ROA) as control variables. The sample used is the banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as many as 42 banks with a total of 184 observations from unbalanced panel data. The analysis used is panel data regression (generalized least squares) with random effects as the best estimation model. We find bank lending to have a positive effect on liquidity, especially for banks that go public. We argue that banks avoid bankruptcy by increasing the proportion of reserves to absorb risk. The results support the “risk absorption” hypothesis (Berger Bouwman, 2009). We also find that return on assets (ROA) has a significant effect on liquidity, but non-performing loans (NPL) have no significant effect on liquidity, proving that banks has managed their reserves by absorbing risk properly.

Ketidakpastian dan Investasi Perusahaan di Indonesia

Ketidakpastian menjadi kekhawatiran di seluruh dunia dan telah mengalami peningkatan sejak krisis keuangan global di tahun 2008. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh antara ketidakpastian terhadap investasi perusahaan di Indonesia. Di dalam penelitian ini menggunakan unbalanced panel data dari 480 perusahaan terbuka yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2007Q1-2019Q4. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah model Fixed Effect. Hasil empiris menunjukan bahwa perusahaan di Indonesia ketika dihadapkan ketidakpastian cenderung meningkatkan investasi, perusahaan dengan irreversibility investment yang tinggi (PPE) lebih terdorong untuk meningkatkan investasi sedangkan perusahaan dengan kepemilikan pemerintah (SOE) mengurangi investasi ketika menghadapi ketidakpastian.

The effect of a firm’s internal factors on its profitability: Evidence from Jordan

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a firm’s size, asset growth, asset tangibility, and financial leverage on profitability for all listed corporate firms in Jordan using unbalanced panel data (time series and cross-sectional) regression analysis for a sample of 1,663 observations over the period from 2011 to 2018. The overall results show a significant positive effect of a firm’s size and asset growth on profitability. However, asset tangibility presents a significant negative effect on profitability, while financial leverage has an insignificant positive effect on profitability. An analysis of each of the main sectors also point to a consistently positive effect of a firm’s size on profitability, while the results for growth in assets and financial leverage are nearly consistent with overall findings, but not those for asset tangibility. Furthermore, the sub-sample industry analysis reveals mixed results due to the different industry shapes and structures. This study is expected to be of value to firm managers, investors, researchers, and regulators.

The trade-off between GDP and CO2 emissions in poor countries: A dynamic common correlated effects approach for unbalanced panel data

In recent years, the term "climate change" has been increasingly receiving a lot of attention from scholars and policy makers, adversely affecting the lives of people (mostly of the poor) around the world in the present, and threatening the environment quality in the future. With many concerns about environmental degradation, countries tend to transform economic growth models causing negative impacts on the environment, especially for those in the stage of industrialization and modernization. This study was aimed at investigating the trade-offs between economic development and climate change among poor nations – the most affected by and most likely causing to climate change. By using a dynamic common correlated effects approach for unbalanced panel data which deals with cross-sectional dependency and time-series persistence, the paper showed that GDP is strongly correlated to CO2 emissions both in the short and long run, and one of the reasons is the use of CO2-generating energy sources.JEL classification: C23, O44, Q54