Faith and Devotion: Reading the Ceramic Architectural Programs of the Baroque

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosário Salema Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Glazed Ceramic ◽  
Visual Discourses ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Periods

In Portugal, the use of azulejos (glazed ceramic tiles) in architecture has a long history, extending uninterruptedly from the late 15th century to the present 21st century. For more than five centuries, the azulejo reinvented itself periodically to meet the demands of different historical periods, and one of its most expressive transformations took place in the Baroque period (1675–1750). Baroque azulejos stand out not only for the almost exclusive use of blue and white painting, but above all for the exploration of narrative programs, which were displayed in vast ceramic walls. These decorations covered the interiors of different buildings, but mostly churches. The use of azulejos, dominating the interiors or in connection with other arts, was instrumental in creating a unique spatial form, which echoed Baroque spirituality by appealing directly to the senses and exploring the brightness and color of the tiled surfaces within majestic and lusciously decorated settings. But the azulejo was also a medium for religious painting and, as such, a vehicle for the doctrine and values of the Counter-Reformation, which were dominant at the time. Therefore, these ceramic architectural programs resort both to devotional and visual discourses. On the one hand, azulejo compositions relate to central aspects of Christian faith and liturgy, and particularly to the religious discourse and practice of the Baroque period. On the other hand, their visual features add new layers of meaning, mostly related to the organization of azulejos within a church’s architecture, the frames and inspirational sources, as well as issues linked with the creation and running of azulejo workshops.

Electrokinetic desalination of glazed ceramic tiles

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth M. Ottosen ◽  
Célia M. D. Ferreira ◽  
Iben V. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Glazed Ceramic

scholarly journals To Publish, Make Known and Sell or Promoting Printed Books in the Incunabula Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-356
Author(s):  
Lucia Lichnerová
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One

The study To Publish, Make Known and Sell is based on verified existence of competition tensions between the 15th century typographers/publishers, related to the absence of functional regulatory tools of book production of the incunabula period. The increase in the number of book-printers within the relatively narrow geographical area, disregard of publishers’ privileges, the emergence of pirated reprints, as well as insufficient self-promotion on the book market through introducing novelties had concentrated typographers’ attention on devising new tools of securing their triumph in publisher’s competition – the so called book advertisements. The author has analysed 44 promotional posters of the incunabula period from several points of view and attempted to identify their design elements, which on the one hand showed signs of certain standardization, while on the other hand they were subject to personal creativity of their creator. She gives detailed overview of the circumstances of the origin, typographic design and contents of book advertisements of several kinds within the context of promoting either the existing or planned editions, of one edition or a group of books; specifically focusing on the unique types of advertising. In conclusion, the author cites the circumstances of the extinction of book advertisements related to the rise of the new promotional tool – booksellers’ catalogue and submits a bibliography of the book advertisements dating from the 15th century.

scholarly journals Von Expeditionsberichten zum Führer — die Anfänge der Ratgeber für Riesengebirgereisende an der Jahrhundertwende des 18. zum 19. Jahrhundert

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
Jan Pacholski
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The North ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Border Dispute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nature Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
Travel Accounts

From travel accounts to guidebooks: The beginnings of guidebooks to the Giant Mountains Karkonosze for travellers in the late 18th and early 19th centuryIn the history of European tourism the Giant Mountains Karkonosze occupy a unique place thanks to the Chapel of St. Lawrence, funded by Count Christoph Leopold Schaffgotsch and located on the summit of Śnieżka. Its construction in the Habsburg dominions in the turbulent period of the Counter-Reformation was meant to finally put an end to the Silesian-Bohemian border dispute and become a visible sign of Catholic rule over the highest mountain range of the two neighbouring countries. The construction of the chapel also marked the beginning of tourism in the highest range of the Sudetes; initially, its nature was religious and focused on pilgrimages to the summit of Śnieżka, featuring, in addition to local inhabitants, also sanatorium visitors to Cieplice Warmbrunn, which was owned by the Schaffgotschs.After the three Silesian Wars, as a result of which the lands to the north of the mountains were separated from the Habsburgs’ Kingdom of Bohemia, the situation in the region changed radically. The Counter-Reformation pressure ceased and the Lutherans began to grow in importance, supported as they were by the decidedly pro-Protestant Prussian state, governed by its tolerant monarch.The period was also marked by an unprecedented growth in the literature on the Giant Mountains — there were poems Tralles, nature studies Volkmar and travel accounts GutsMuths, Troschel and others written about the highest range of the Sudetes. A special role among these writings was played by works aimed at introducing the public from the capital Berlin to the new province of the Kingdom of Prussia, especially to the mountains, so exotic from the point of view of the “groves and sands” of Brandenburg. These publications were written primarily by Lutheran clergymen, which was not without significance to the nature of the works. This was also a time when the first guidebooks to the Giant Mountains were written, with many of their authors also coming from the same milieu.What emerges from this image is a kind of confessionalisation of tourism in the highest mountains of Silesia and Bohemia: on the one hand there are mass Catholic pilgrimages and on the other — a new type of individual tourists who, with a book in hand, traverse mountain paths in a decidedly more independent fashion.

Paradoxes of Christian Solitude in the Seventeenth Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Quantin
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Moral Dimension ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The One

AbstractIn seventeenth-century religious discourse, the status of solitude was deeply ambivalent: on the one hand, solitude was valued as a setting and preparation for self-knowledge and meditation; on the other hand, it had negative associations with singularity, pride and even schism. The ambiguity of solitude reflected a crucial tension between the temptation to withdraw from contemporary society, as hopelessly corrupt, and endeavours to reform it. Ecclesiastical movements which stood at the margins of confessional orthodoxies, such as Jansenism (especially in its moral dimension of Rigorism), Puritanism and Pietism, targeted individual conscience but also worked at controlling and disciplining popular behaviour. They may be understood as attempts to pursue simultaneously withdrawal and engagement.

Now you see it, now you don’t: Design dependent sound symbolism effect in categorization studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Kovic ◽  
Jovana Pejovic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Image ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
General Process ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
The One ◽  
Label Object ◽  
Is Design

A number of studies have demonstrated sound-symbolism effects in adults and in children. Moreover, recently, ERP studies have shown that the sensitivity to sound-symbolic label–object associations occurs within 200 ms of object presentation (Kovic et al., 2010). It was argued that this effect may reflect a more general process of auditory–visual feature integration where properties of auditory stimuli facilitate a mapping to specific visual features. Here we demonstrate that the sound-symbolism effect is design dependent, namely — it occurs only when mapping from auditory to visual stimuli and not vice verse. Two groups of participants were recruited for solving the categorization task. They were presented them with 12 visual stimuli, half of which were rounded and another half of angular shapes. One group was trained to classify the rounded objects as ‘takete’ and the rounded ones as ‘maluma’, whereas the other group mapped ‘takete’ to rounded and ‘maluma’ to angular shapes. Moreover, half of these two groups heard the label before seeing the objects, whereas the other half was given the label after perceiving the object. The results revealed the sound-symbolism effect only in the group which was trained on the auditory–visual objects mapping and not in the one trained on the visual–auditory mappings. Thus, despite the previous findings we demonstrate that the sound-symbolism effect is not significant per se, but design-dependent and we argue that the sound brings up a mental image that is more constrained than the sounds brought up by a picture.

Photocatalytic Decolourisation of Orange II Aqueous Solutions by TiO2 and ZnO Active Layers Screen Printed on Ceramic Tiles

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 1377-1382
Author(s):  
Elisabete Rego ◽  
P.S. Marcos ◽  
John Marto ◽  
M.P. Seabra ◽  
J.A. Labrincha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Active Layers ◽  
Glazed Ceramic ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications ◽  
Interesting Alternative

In this work TiO2 and ZnO layers have been deposited by screen-printing in common glazed ceramic tiles. These layers were evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of Orange II in aqueous solutions, in a batch photoreactor under visible light. The photocatalytic behaviour was assessed by taking into account experimental variables which include: (i) firing temperature of the TiO2 printed layer; (ii) layer thickness; (iii) operation time; (iv) pH; and (v) dye concentration. Optimal processed layers showed an interesting decolourisation performance (over 90% efficiency after 7-8 h). It is anticipated that these new ceramic materials might be developed as an interesting alternative to TiO2 or ZnO suspensions, for example in photocatalytic applications excusing the particles removal at the end of the process.

scholarly journals They Tore God Limb From Limb

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katlyn Kichko
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Singular Case ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Catholic Church

This paper interacts specifically with two separate texts, that is Michel de Certeau’s The Possession at Loudun and Carlo Ginzburg’s The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth Century Miller. Both of these texts present a narrative of religious turmoil, demonic possessions and a heretical Inquisition, respectively, and the events which surround a single religious dissenter. Examining the two heretical men presented within these texts in comparison allows for an understanding of Catholic Church dogma during the age of the Counter Reformation, and how such an institution managed threats, both external and internal. Moreover, this paper also examines the methodologies behind the historical discourse, in order to understand the validity of the narratives presented, and the scope of historical depth sought. Addressing methodology is crucial when one narrows focus to two singular case studies by two separate historians. Thus, this paper intends to illustrate the threats to normative religious discourse which Urbain Grandier and Menocchio possessed in the face of the Catholic Church, while also demonstrating the methodologies by which the two men are presented within their respective histories.

Bond between 19th Century lime mortars and glazed ceramic tiles

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Carasek ◽  
Pammila Japiassú ◽  
Oswaldo Cascudo ◽  
Ana Velosa
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Glazed Ceramic

Metakaolin geopolymers applied in the conservation of tile facades: a Portuguese case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rocha ◽  
Sara Moutinho ◽  
Cristiana Costa ◽  
Slavka Andrejkovičová ◽  
Luis Mariz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Repair Materials ◽  
Glazed Ceramic ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Conservation Interventions

<p>The possibility of using geopolymers to fill gaps/lacunae in glazed ceramic tiles (azulejos) has been studied. Since the 15<sup>th</sup> century, glazed ceramic tiles are characteristic elements of the Portuguese architectural heritage and their use as external rendering elements has made them prone to degradation. On the other hand, civil construction is a sector with a high consumption of natural resources and CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions. In order to respond a necessary increase of sustainability in conservation/restoration processes, it is important to create/use sustainable repair materials that also ensure compatibility and durability of interventions. Geopolymers were studied as a potential sustainable and compatible repair material. Two commercial metakaolins ARGICAL-M 1200S and ARGICAL-M 1000 were used as precursors in geopolymer pastes and tested. The purpose of this research was to assess the potential of geopolymers in the restoration of the glazed ceramic tiles, both in the filling of gaps and the bonding of ceramic fragments. The physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses of these materials were performed. Additionally, in order to evaluate possible use in conservation interventions, tile lacunae filling, glazing reintegration and bonding of ceramic fragments were studied. Several tests were performed in order to analyse the compatibility and durability of the designed geopolymers and the ceramic/geopolymer system. The results suggest that the geopolymers had a better performance in the bonding of ceramic fragments and can have potential to be applied in the conservation and restoration of tile facades. Thus, as a general conclusion, it was possible to develop sustainable materials to apply in conservation of buildings facades.</p>

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