Reliability of fat-free mass estimates derived from total-body electrical conductivity measurements as influenced by changes in extracellular fluid volume

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Cochran ◽  
M L Fiorotto ◽  
H P Sheng ◽  
W J Klish
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Total Body

Time course and magnitude of changes in total body water, extracellular fluid volume, intracellular fluid volume and plasma volume during submaximal exercise and recovery in horses

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I Lindinger ◽  
Gloria McKeen ◽  
Gayle L Ecker
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine the time course and magnitude of changes in extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes in relation to changes in total body water during prolonged submaximal exercise and recovery in horses. Seven horses were physically conditioned over a 2-month period and trained to trot on a treadmill. Total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and plasma volume (PV) were measured at rest using indicator dilution techniques (D2O, thiocyanate and Evans Blue, respectively). Changes in TBW were assessed from measures of body mass, and changes in PV and ECFV were calculated from changes in plasma protein concentration. Horses exercised by trotting on a treadmill for 75–120 min incurred a 4.2% decrease in TBW. During exercise, the entire decrease in TBW (mean±standard error: 12.8±2.0 l at end of exercise) could be attributed to the decrease in ECFV (12.0±2.4 l at end of exercise), such that there was no change in intracellular fluid volume (ICFV; 0.9±2.4 l at end of exercise). PV decreased from 22.0±0.5 l at rest to 19.8±0.3 l at end of exercise and remained depressed (18–19 l) during the first 2 h of recovery. Recovery of fluid volumes after exercise was slow, and characterized by a further transient loss of ECFV (first 30 min of recovery) and a sustained increase in ICFV (between 0.5 and 3.5 h of recovery). Recovery of fluid volumes was complete by 13 h post exercise. It is concluded that prolonged submaximal exercise in horses favours net loss of fluid from the extracellular fluid compartment.

Some biochemical and physiological features of normal monkeys (Macaca radiata)

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Srikantia ◽  
C. Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Sodium Thiocyanate ◽  
Macaca Radiata ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Total Body

Determinations of body-fluid spaces with antipyrine for total-body water and sodium thiocyanate for extracellular fluid volume, hematological indices, and several serum constituents in about 500 Macaca radiata monkeys revealed that most of the values obtained were very similar to values obtained in man. body fluid spaces; hematology Submitted on April 22, 1963

Total body electrical conductivity measurements: effects of body composition and geometry

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. R794-R800 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Fiorotto ◽  
W. J. Cochran ◽  
R. C. Funk ◽  
H. P. Sheng ◽  
W. J. Klish
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Miniature Pigs ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Contents

This study used an animal model to analyze the effect of body geometry and chemical composition on the calibration of a total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) instrument developed to measure the body composition of human infants. The TOBEC signal (adjusted for length) of infant miniature pigs from 10 to 33 days of age correlated highly with their chemically analyzed fat-free mass (FFM; r = 0.998) and total body water contents (TBW; r = 0.998); 95% prediction intervals (approximately +/- 2 SEE) for individual measurements were +/- 0.16 kg FFM and +/- 0.12 liter water. These values were significantly improved (+/- 0.08 kg and +/- 0.06 liter, respectively) by accounting for individual variability in weight/length2. The effect of variations in the composition of FFM on the TOBEC measurements was evaluated by comparing the response of the infant piglets with that of adult rabbits of similar size. The differences in composition, primarily TBW and Na content, were insufficient to alter the electrical properties of FFM appreciably. Thus the TOBEC used under the conditions defined in this study accurately predicted the FFM and TBW content of infant miniature pigs. The calibration derived from the piglets will be applicable to the interpretation of the TOBEC measurements of human infants provided their FFM is of comparable shape to that of the piglets. Differences in composition are likely to be of consequence only if the proportion of fat within the FFM and the FFM density are widely divergent. This, however, does not appear to be the case.

scholarly journals The effects of oral sodium bicarbonate on extracellular water in patients with chronic kidney disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 04-13
Author(s):  
Colin Jones ◽  
Louise Wells ◽  
Graham Woodrow ◽  
David Ashford
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Oral Sodium

Background: Metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often treated with oral sodium bicarbonate. There is limited evidence around the effects of sodium bicarbonate on extracellular fluid and blood pressure in CKD. Methods: In a double blind randomised comparison patients with stage 3-5 CKD were randomised to either oral sodium bicarbonate 1.5 g three times a day (n=18) or placebo (n=21) for 4 weeks. Assessments performed at 0 and 4 weeks included: body weight, office blood pressure and assessment for peripheral/pulmonary oedema; serum creatinine, electrolytes and venous bicarbonate; 24-hour urine for sodium excretion; extracellular fluid volume and total body water determined by sodium bromide and deuterium oxide dilution respectively; extracellular fluid volume and total body water by bioimpedance. Differences between the active and placebo groups at week 4 were analysed by ANCOVA. Results: At week 4, serum bicarbonate was higher (25.6±2.4 vs 23.3±3.1 mmol/l) and blood urea lower (14.2±5.6 vs 17.0±5.8 mmol/l) in the active treatment group. Urine sodium concentration was also higher (82.7±25.3 vs 59.0±21.9 mmol/l). Extracellular fluid volume (20.0±4.3 vs 18.0±2.9) and total body water (42.3±9.6 vs 39.0±6.8) measured by bioimpedance and total body water by deuterium dilution (41.7±8.3 vs 39.4±6.2) were significantly greater in the treatment arm at week 4. Differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Oral sodium bicarbonate has a biological effect and increases body water content, without evidence of a clinical consequence. This may reflect the fact that some of the ingested sodium is excreted in the urine.

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