scholarly journals Fat-Free Mass and Total Body Water of Infants Estimated from Total Body Electrical Conductivity Measurements

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta L Fiorotto ◽  
William J Cochran ◽  
William J Klish
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals In vivo total body water assessment by total body electrical conductivity in rats suffering perturbations of water compartment equilibrium

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Battistini ◽  
F. Virgili ◽  
G. Bedogni ◽  
G. R. Gambella ◽  
A. Bini
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Water Compartment ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Highly Correlated

Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) is a simple and non-invasive method for the assessment of body composition in vivo. Information regarding the applicability of TOBEC in the condition of abnormal fluid balance is scarce. In the present paper we give the results of the comparison between TOBEC and total body water (TBW; assessed by the tritium dilution technique) in three groups of animals: (1) healthy (n 17), (2) expanded fluid volume by secondary biliary cirrhosis (SBC; n 9) and (3) Fiirosemide®-treated rats (n 9). The TOBEC score and TBW by tritium dilution were found to be highly correlated in the pooled sample (r 0·90) and in normal (r 0.·87), SBC (r 0·73) and Furosemide-treated (r 0·89) rats. However, the relationship between TOBEC and TBW, described by least-squares regression analysis, was found to be similar for SBC and normal rats but was significantly different for Furosemide-treated and normal rats. These findings suggest that TOBEC is unable to track TBW accurately when the ratio between intracellular and extracellular water is chronically or acutely altered.

scholarly journals Increased extracellular water compartment, relative to intracellular water compartment, after weight reduction

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter D. Van Marken Lichtenbelt ◽  
Mikael Fogelholm
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Water Compartment ◽  
Total Body

The hydration of fat free mass (FFM) and extracellular (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) compartments were studied in 30 obese premenopausal women before and after a 3-mo weight-reduction program and again after a 9-mo weight-maintenance program. Body fat was determined by a four-compartment model. Total body water and ECW were determined by deuterium dilution and bromide dilution, respectively. After the weight-reduction period, mean weight loss was 12.8 kg, and body fat was reduced on average by 10.9 kg. During weight maintenance, changes in body mass and body fat were not significant. Before weight reduction, mean ECW/ICW ratio was relatively high (0.78 ± 0.10). During the the study, total body water and ICW did not change significantly. ECW did not change significantly after weight reduction, but 12 mo after the start ECW was significantly increased by 1 liter. The ECW/ICW ratio increased to 0.87 ± 0.12 ( month 12). The hydration of the FFM increased from 74 ± 1 to 77 ± 2% during the weight reduction and remained elevated during weight maintenance. In conclusion, the ECW/ICW ratio and the hydration of the FFM, did not normalize during weight reduction and weight maintenance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tibolone on Fat Mass, Fat-Free Mass, and Total Body Water in Postmenopausal Women

Endocrinology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
pp. 4813-4817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid B. Meeuwsen ◽  
Monique M. Samson ◽  
Sijmen A. Duursma ◽  
Harald J. Verhaar
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Body composition of lactating women determined by anthropometry and deuterium dilution

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Wong ◽  
Nancy F. Butte ◽  
E. O'brian Smith ◽  
Cutberto Garza ◽  
Peter D. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Deuterium Dilution ◽  
Total Body

1. Body fat, fat-free mass and total body water of ten lactating women were estimated from deuterium-dilution spaces and from skinfold thickness measurements. Deuterium-dilution spaces were calculated from the 6 h (equilibration) and zero-time (extrapolation) deuterium enrichments in saliva, urine, human milk and breath water vapour samples.2. The deuterium spaces obtained by equilibration were statistically larger than those obtained by extrapolation. Isotope dilution spaces derived from deuterium enrichments in saliva, breath water vapour and human milk did not differ with the exception of the 6 h equilibration value of milk, which was greater than that estimated from saliva. Deuterium-dilution spaces estimated from urine were consistently smaller than those derived from the other biological fluids.3. No significant differences in body fat, fat-free mass and total body water were observed between anthropometric measurements and deuterium-dilution methods, except for extrapolated values derived from deuterium enrichments in urine.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in rhGH-Induced Changes in Body Composition in GH-Deficient Adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 4161-4165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P. T. Span ◽  
Gerlach F. F. M. Pieters ◽  
Fred G. J. Sweep ◽  
Ad R. M. M. Hermus ◽  
Anthony G. H. Smals
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Rhgh Therapy ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Total Body

In GH-deficient adults, rhGH has pronounced effects on total body water, fat free mass, and fat mass. Recently, we observed a gender difference in IGF-I responsivity to rhGH that was sex steroid dependent. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of rhGH therapy on body composition parameters with due attention to the gender differences in biological responsiveness to rhGH. Forty-four women [36.9 ± 11.9 yr (mean ± sd)] and 33 men (37.2 ± 13.8 yr) with GH deficiency were studied every 6 months during 2 yr. The treatment goal was to achieve IGF-I levels within the age-adjusted normal range. Total body water, fat free mass, and fat mass were measured by bioimpedantiometry. To reach the treatment goal, the daily rhGH dose (IU/kg/d) had to be significantly higher in women than in men at all time intervals. During rhGH therapy, total body water and fat free mass increased significantly in both men and women (P ≤ 0.01 by ANOVA), but changes were more pronounced in men. Fat mass decreased during rhGH treatment and reached its nadir at 6 months, which was more pronounced in men than in women (P = 0.02 by ANOVA). After the initial decrease, fat mass increased again and reached baseline values after 2 yr of treatment. In both men and women, the total body water and fat free mass increases were closely related to the IGF-I increments (P < 0.001 by Pearson’s correlation test). The decrease in fat mass correlated significantly with the increase in IGF-I in men (r = −0.89, P < 0.001), not in women. Confirming our earlier data, IGF-I responsivity to rhGH was significantly higher in men than in women at all time intervals (P < 0.01 by ANOVA). Total body water and fat free mass responsivities were also higher in men than in women (P < 0.01 by ANOVA). In conclusion, gender differences in IGF-I responsivities to rhGH are accompanied by gender differences in the extent of body composition changes to rhGH. Probably because of these gender differences in IGF-I responsivity, the increases of total body water and fat free mass to rhGH replacement were greater in men than in women. Remarkably, however, in men, only total body water and fat free mass responses relative to changes in IGF-I increased during the 2 yr of rhGH therapy (P= 0.02 and 0.01, respectively, by ANOVA). In our opinion, this phenomenon might be explained by the increasing target organ sensitivity to IGF-I over time.

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