Total body electrical conductivity measurements: effects of body composition and geometry

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. R794-R800 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Fiorotto ◽  
W. J. Cochran ◽  
R. C. Funk ◽  
H. P. Sheng ◽  
W. J. Klish
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Miniature Pigs ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Contents

This study used an animal model to analyze the effect of body geometry and chemical composition on the calibration of a total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) instrument developed to measure the body composition of human infants. The TOBEC signal (adjusted for length) of infant miniature pigs from 10 to 33 days of age correlated highly with their chemically analyzed fat-free mass (FFM; r = 0.998) and total body water contents (TBW; r = 0.998); 95% prediction intervals (approximately +/- 2 SEE) for individual measurements were +/- 0.16 kg FFM and +/- 0.12 liter water. These values were significantly improved (+/- 0.08 kg and +/- 0.06 liter, respectively) by accounting for individual variability in weight/length2. The effect of variations in the composition of FFM on the TOBEC measurements was evaluated by comparing the response of the infant piglets with that of adult rabbits of similar size. The differences in composition, primarily TBW and Na content, were insufficient to alter the electrical properties of FFM appreciably. Thus the TOBEC used under the conditions defined in this study accurately predicted the FFM and TBW content of infant miniature pigs. The calibration derived from the piglets will be applicable to the interpretation of the TOBEC measurements of human infants provided their FFM is of comparable shape to that of the piglets. Differences in composition are likely to be of consequence only if the proportion of fat within the FFM and the FFM density are widely divergent. This, however, does not appear to be the case.

scholarly journals Alteration of body composition in rats: Effect of organic chromium and L-carnitine

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fekete ◽  
I. Szakáll ◽  
Emma Kósa ◽  
Emese Andrásofszky ◽  
Kinga Fodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Protein Supply

A growth trial was carried out to test the effect of organic, trivalent chromium and L-carnitine on the body composition of growing rats. At the same time, an evaluation of different measurement methods (weight of epididymal fat pad, adipocyte morphometry, total body electrical conductivity) was performed. Outbred Wistar rats of 30 days of age were fed diets of different (0, 10 and 20%) protein level. The diets were supplemented with 4 mg/kg Cr as chromium nicotinate, and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine. The experimental feeding lasted 15 days, after a 5-day-long adjustment period. It was found that Cr addition increased feed intake. Both treatments caused changes in body composition, increasing fat and protein deposition. Organic chromium had no effect at either protein level, while L-carnitine improved the protein retention only at an optimum (20%) protein supply. No statistically significant correlation was found between total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) and body composition, which could be attributed to the great individual differences. A close correlation was found among total body fat percentage, weight of epididymal fat pad and the adipocyte surface. The data suggest that there is an interaction between dietary protein supply and the effect of repartitioning agents.

scholarly journals Stav antropometrických parametrov a telesného zloženia u detí mladšieho školského veku

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Tomáš Hadžega ◽  
Václav Bunc
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
School Age ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Frequency Apparatus

The aim of our observation was to measure selected anthropometric characteristics and to analyze actual body composition in children of younger school age from elementary schools in Prague. The group consisted of a total of 222 probands, boys (n-117) and girls (n-105) aged 8–11 years (average boys age = 9.0 ± 1.0 years, body height = 139.9 ± 8.6 cm, body weight = 32 ± 7.5 kg, BMI = 16.3 ± 2.4 kg.m–2). Average age girls = 8.9 ± 0.9 years, body height = 137.3 ± 8.8 cm, body weight = 30.5 ± 7.3 kg, BMI = 15.9 ± 2.4 kg.m–2). The BIA 2000 M multi-frequency apparatus (whole-body bioimpedance analysis) was used to analyze the body composition. Children of younger school age showed higher TBW values – total body water (boys 65.5 ± 6.0%, girls 66.6 ± 6.5%), low body fat (boys 16.1 ± 2.4%, girls 16.5 ± 2.9%) and higher ECM/BCM coefficients (boys 1.0 ± 0.13, girls 1.02 ± 0.11). The authors draws, attention to the importance of monitoring other body composition parameters. The percentage of fat-free mass (FFM) and the share of segmental distribution of body fat and muscle mass on individual parts of the human body.

scholarly journals Body Composition and Leptin/Ghrelin Levels during Lenvatinib for Thyroid Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone De Leo ◽  
Carla Colombo ◽  
Marta Di Stefano ◽  
Antonella Dubini ◽  
Silvia Cozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Total Body

Weight loss is one of the most frequent adverse events during treatment with multikinase inhibitors, but scanty data are available on its extent and characteristics. This is the first assessment of the body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis and of circulating leptin and ghrelin levels, in patients with advanced thyroid cancer before and at regular intervals during treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib. Body mass index (BMI) decreased in all patients, with an average ∆ reduction of –6.4, –9.8, and –15.3% at 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment, respectively. Interestingly, in most patients, after the first year of treatment, BMI remained stable. In all patients, fat mass (FM) reduced more than fat-free mass, the highest decrement being of –60 and –16%, respectively. A decrease in the body cell mass, a parameter mainly due to muscle tissue, was observed only in patients with a vast baseline muscular mass. Total body water decreased in parallel to BMI. During treatment, leptin tightly paralleled the decrease of BMI values, consistent with the decrease in FM, whereas ghrelin levels increased upon BMI decrease. The loss of the FM accounts for the largest portion of BMI reduction during lenvatinib treatment. The increase in ghrelin could account for the BMI stabilization observed after 1 year of treatment. Nevertheless, oral nutritional supplements should be given as early as possible and athletic patients should be encouraged to maintain physical activity. In some circumstances, parenteral nutrition is required for the rehabilitation of these patients.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Body Composition Changes after Preseason Training in Elite Handball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3880
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Cichy ◽  
Andrzej Dudkowski ◽  
Marek Kociuba ◽  
Zofia Ignasiak ◽  
Anna Sebastjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Training Protocol

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the estimated body composition of elite female and male Polish handball players during a five-week preseason training camp. Height and weight were measured, while body composition was estimated with bioelectrical impedance in 18 male and 17 female handball players before and after the five-week training protocol. Components of body composition included total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), and absolute and relative fat mass (FM). Weight and body mass index (BMI) did not change in males, but declined in females after five weeks of training. FM and %FM declined, while estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased significantly after training in both males and females. In contrast, comparisons of log transformed ratios for changes in weight, the BMI and body composition in males and females, respectively, suggested that estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased relatively more in females than in males, while FM and %FM decline relatively more in males than females. Overall, the five-week preseason training program modified the body composition of male and female handball players. FM and %FM decreased, while estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased, in both males and females after the preseason training program. Comparisons of log transformed ratios for changes in body composition in males and females suggested sexual dimorphism in response to intensive preseason training.

TOTAL BODY ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY DERIVED MEASUREMENT OF THE BODY COMPOSITION OF BREAST OR FORMULA-FED INFANTS AT 12 MONTHS

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bellù ◽  
Maria Teresa Ortisi ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
Enrica Riva ◽  
Marcello Giovannini
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals The effect of zinc supplementation on body composition and hormone levels related to adiposity among children: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 2924-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inong R Gunanti ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mamun ◽  
Lisa Schubert ◽  
Kurt Z Long
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Total Body

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive synthesis of the effects of Zn supplementation on childhood body composition and adiposity-related hormone levels.DesignFive electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of Zn supplementation studies published before 28 February 2015. No statistical pooling of results was carried out due to diversity in study designs.SettingCommunity- or hospital-based, from fourteen developing and developed countries.SubjectsChildren and adolescents aged 0 to 10 years.ResultsSeven of the fourteen studies reported an overall or subgroup effect of Zn supplementation on at least one parameter of body composition, when determined by anthropometric measurements (increased mid upper-arm circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold and mid upper-arm muscle area, and decreased BMI). Three out of the fourteen studies reported increased mean value of total body water estimated by bio-impedance analysis and increased fat-free mass estimated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and by total body water. Zn supplementation was associated with increased fat-free mass among stunted children. One study found supplementation decreased leptin and insulin concentrations.ConclusionsDue to the use of anthropometry when determining body composition, a majority of the studies could not accurately address whether alterations in the fat and/or fat-free mass components of the body were responsible for the observed changes in body composition. The effect of Zn supplementation on body composition is not consistent but may modify fat-free mass among children with pre-existing growth failure.

Body Composition Differences in Military Pilots and Aircrew

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 565-570
Author(s):  
Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez ◽  
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Helicopter Pilots ◽  
L Proteins ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Military Pilots

BACKGROUND: This research aimed to analyze the body composition (BC) of different military units in the Spanish Armed Forces.METHODS: We studied 179 male aircrew members (86 airplane pilots, 15 helicopter pilots and 78 transport aircrew) using bioimpedance.RESULTS: Airplane pilots (AP) had higher means than transport aircrew (TA) in height (179.56 cm vs. 173.90 cm), total body water (46.72 L vs. 42.96 L), intracellular body water (29.45 L vs. 26.89 L), extracellular body water (17.27 L vs. 16.07 L), proteins (12.72 kg vs.11.63 kg), minerals (4.50 kg vs. 4.15 kg), soft lean mass (60.21 kg vs. 55.29 kg), fat free mass (63.95 kg vs. 58.74 kg), skeletal muscle mass (36.41 kg vs. 33.07 kg), and lower means in body mass index (24.01 kg vs. 25.49 kg), body fat mass (BFM) (13.53 kg vs. 18.81 kg) and percentage of body fat (PBF) (16.83 kg vs. 23.79 kg). Helicopter pilots also had significantly lower means in BFM (13.21 kg vs. 18.81 kg) and PBF (17.11 kg vs. 18.81 kg) than TA.DISCUSSION: The different types of activity between AP (active coping with G forces) and TA (inactive) during operational flights negatively affects the body composition of TA. These results suggest differences in aircrews training and job tasks. Specific training is needed for each unit: it should be individualized, prevent injuries, and be directed by qualified personnel.Bustamante-Sánchez Á, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Body composition differences in military pilots and aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(7):565–570.

scholarly journals Body Composition and Postural Stability in Goalkeepers of the Polish National Junior Handball Team

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Jacek Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Average Load ◽  
Load Point ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the body composition and postural stability of goalkeepers representing the Polish National Junior Handball Team. Material and methods. Body composition was assessed by means of bioelectrical impedance analysis. Postural stability was examined using the AccuGait AMTI force platform. Results. The body composition of the subjects was correct. All of the subjects had very good postural stability. Postural sway was higher in the sagittal plane than in the frontal one. Path Length and Average COP Speed were significantly increased during the closedeyes trial. Only Fat Mass (%) and Fat Mass (kg) were significantly directly correlated with Area Ellipse (cm2) (OE, open eyes). Inverse correlations occurred between Fat-Free Mass (kg) and Average Load Point Y (cm) (OE) as well as Average Load Point Y (cm) (CE, closed eyes). Muscle Mass (kg) was significantly inversely correlated with Average Load Point Y (cm) (OE) and also with Average Load Point Y (cm) (CE). Body Mass Index correlated negatively only with Average Load Point Y (cm) (CE). Total Body Water (kg) was significantly inversely correlated with Average Load Point Y (cm) (OE) and also with Average Load Point Y (cm) (CE). However, Total Body Water (%) only correlated negatively with Area Ellipse (cm2) (OE). Conclusions. Postural stability was determined by the composition and structure of the body. Single-sided sports specialisation can lead to static disorders of the body during the developmental period discussed. Therefore, systematic tests are needed to monitor the body composition and postural stability of handball goalkeepers.

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