Body composition and dietary intakes in adult celiac disease patients consuming a strict gluten-free diet

In adults with diarrhea or suspected malabsorption, a diagnosis of celiac disease requires that two criteria be fulfilled: first, a demonstration of typical pathological changes of untreated disease in biopsies from the proximal small bowel; and second, evidence should exist that clinical (and/or pathological) changes are gluten-dependent, most often as an unequivocal response to a gluten-free diet. Pathological abnormalities of celiac disease may include severe (‘flat’) or variably severe (mild or moderate) small bowel mucosal architectural abnormalities that are associated with both epithelial cell and lymphoid cell changes, including intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Architectural changes tend to be most severe in the duodenum and proximal jejunum and less severe, or absent, in the ileum. These findings, while characteristic of celiac disease, are not specific because several other conditions can produce similar changes. Some serological assays (eg, tissue transglutaminase antibody assays) are very useful screening tools in clinical practice because of their high specificity and sensitivity, but these do not provide a definitive diagnosis. The most critical step in the diagnosis of celiac disease is the demonstration of its gluten-dependent nature. The clinical response to gluten restriction in celiac disease is usually reflected in the resolution of diarrhea and weight gain. Normalization of biopsy changes can be first shown in the most distal intestinal sites of involvement, and later, sometimes only after prolonged periods (months to years) in the duodenum. Rarely, recurrent (or refractory) celiac disease may occur after an initial gluten-free diet response. Finally, some with ‘sprue-like intestinal disease’ cannot be classified because a diet response fails to occur. This may be a heterogeneous group, although some are eventually found to have a malignant lymphoma.

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P.208 BODY COMPOSITION AND DIETARY INTAKES IN ADULT COELIAC DISEASE PATIENTS FROM SOUTHERN ITALY CONSUMING A STRICT GLUTEN-FREE DIET

Digestive and Liver Disease ◽

10.1016/s1590-8658(10)60320-9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. S175

Author(s):

N. Della Valle ◽

S. Prencipe ◽

V. De Francesco ◽

A. Trotta ◽

F. Giorgio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Coeliac Disease ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Dietary Intakes

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Effects of 12 Weeks of Strength Training and Gluten-Free Diet on Quality of Life, Body Composition and Strength in Women with Celiac Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112210960 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 10960

Author(s):

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

Daniela Alejandra Loaiza-Martínez ◽

Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽

Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias ◽

Fernando Alacid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Body Composition ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Group 1

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by gluten-induced intestinal inflammation. Dietary restrictions and symptoms may have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life, body composition (BC), and strength. This study was designed to assess the impact of an isocaloric gluten free diet and resistance exercise in women. A total of 28 Spanish women, aged 40 years old or more, took part in a randomized controlled trial. Each group received a different intervention: group 1, gluten-free nutrition plan + exercise (GFD + E); group 2, gluten-free nutrition plan (GFD); group 3, celiac controls (NO-GFD); and group 4, non-celiac controls (CONTROL). The variables studied were quality of life, BC and isometric hand strength. After 12 weeks of intervention, celiac women that followed a gluten-free diet and exercise showed higher scores on the psychological health scale than celiac women without intervention. The women in group 1 were the only ones who presented improvements in BC variables; fat mass, BMI, and fat-free mass. Negative correlations were found between the perception of quality of life and age, however a positive correlation between quality of life and isometric strength test results was found. In addition to a gluten-free diet, resistance training is essential to improve BC, strength, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

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Sa1284 Effects of Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet on Quality of Life in Adult Celiac Disease Patients

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(15)30924-0 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 148 (4) ◽

pp. S-282

Author(s):

Francesc Casellas ◽

Luis Rodrigo ◽

Alfredo J. Lucendo ◽

Javier Molina-Infante ◽

Santiago Vivas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Adult Celiac Disease

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The Relationship between Body Composition and a Gluten Free Diet in Children with Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10111817 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1817 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paweł Więch ◽

Zdzisława Chmiel ◽

Dariusz Bazaliński ◽

Izabela Sałacińska ◽

Anna Bartosiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

The Body ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Impact

The primary and proven therapy, in cases of celiac disease (CD), is a rigorous gluten-free diet (GFD). However, there are reports of its negative effects in the form of nutritional deficiencies, obesity, and adverse changes in body composition. The study aimed to assess the impact of a GFD on the body composition of children with CD. In a case-controlled study (n = 41; mean age 10.81 y; SD = 3.96) children with CD, in various stages of treatment, underwent medical assessment. The control group consisted of healthy children and adolescents, strictly matched for gender and age in a 1:1 case-control manner. More than half of the examined children (n = 26) followed a GFD. CD children had significantly higher mean values of the fat free mass (FFM% = 80.68 vs. 76.66, p = 0.015), and total body water (TBW% = 65.22 vs. 60.47, p = 0.012), and lower mean values of the fat mass (FM% = 19.32 vs. 23.34, p = 0.015). Children who were on a GFD presented slightly higher, but not statistically significant, mean values of FM and FFM, than children who did not follow dietary recommendations (FM [kg] = 7.48 vs. 5.24, p = 0.064; FM% = 20.81 vs. 16.73, p = 0.087; FFM [kg] = 28.19 vs. 22.62, p = 0.110). After minimum one year of a GFD, CD children showed significantly higher values of FFM [kg] (p = 0.001), muscle mass (MM) [kg] (p < 0.001), TBW [L] (p < 0.001) and body cell mass (BCM) [kg] (p < 0.001). Furthermore, CD children who were on a GFD presented a significantly higher increase in weight (p = 0.034) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.021). The children adhering to a GFD demonstrate a tendency towards higher indices of selected body composition components.

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