scholarly journals Chloroquine- and Hydroxychloroquine–Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urooba Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Raafey ◽  
Gene Kim ◽  
Jerermy Treger ◽  
Peter Pytel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Index Case ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Curvilinear Inclusion ◽  
Histologic Changes ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Abstract Objectives To present an index case and review the histologic and electron microscopic findings in chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) myopathy, focusing primarily on cardiomyopathy. CQ and HCQ are antimalarial drugs with disease-modifying activity in rheumatic diseases (DMARD) and now are among the most widely used DMARDs. Although they are rare, severe adverse effects caused mainly by deposition of intracellular metabolites in both cardiac and skeletal muscle have been described. Currently, both CQ and HCQ have been proposed to have efficacy for patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and several large centers in the United States and other countries have started clinical trials. Methods A case of HCQ cardiotoxicity diagnosed on an endomyocardial biopsy is presented. A review of the pathology archives was performed to identify additional cases of CQ or HCQ myopathy, and histologic changes were recorded. A brief literature review with an emphasis on pathologic findings in myopathies was performed. Results Including the index case, 4 cases of CQ or HCQ myopathy were identified. Light microscopic findings included vacuolated myopathy, and electron microscopic findings included myeloid bodies and curvilinear inclusion bodies. Conclusion CQ and HCQ myopathy can present following long-term administration of the drug. The pathologic findings are nonspecific and overlap with other vacuolated myopathies, necessitating careful correlation of the histologic changes with the patient’s medical history.

Opioid-Related Sleep-Disordered Breathing: An Update for Clinicians

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 970-973
Author(s):  
Waqas Jehangir ◽  
Alexander D. Karabachev ◽  
Zankhana Mehta ◽  
Mellar Davis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intractable Pain ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Chronic Opioid Use ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Opioids are an effective treatment for patients with intractable pain. Long-term administration of opioids for pain relief is being delivered by an increasing number of medical providers in the United States including primary care physicians and nonspecialists. One common complication of chronic opioid use is sleep-disordered breathing which can result in various morbidities as well as an increase in all-cause mortality. It is important for providers to understand the relationship between opioids and sleep-disordered breathing as well as methods to improve diagnosis and strategies for treatment. This review aims to update clinicians on the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of opioid-related sleep-disordered breathing in order to improve the quality of care for patients with chronic pain.

scholarly journals Impact of informal cancer caregiving across the cancer experience: A systematic literature review of quality of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Y. Ochoa ◽  
Natasha Buchanan Lunsford ◽  
Judith Lee Smith
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Active Treatment ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Cancer Caregivers

AbstractObjectiveInformal caregiving may likely increase as the number of cancer survivors grows. Caregiving responsibilities can impact caregivers’ quality of life (QOL). Understanding the current state of the science regarding caregiving QOL could help inform future research and intervention development.MethodsA systematic literature review in PubMed/Medline examined research on QOL among informal cancer caregivers and related psychosocial health outcomes. Original research articles in English, published between 2007 and 2017 about caregivers (aged >18 years) of adult cancer patients in the United States were included. Abstracted articles were categorized according to caregiving recipient's phase of survivorship (acute, middle to long-term, end of life/bereavement).ResultsOf 920 articles abstracted, 60 met inclusion criteria. Mean caregiver age ranged from 37 to 68 with the majority being female, non-Hispanic white, with at least a high school degree, and middle income. Almost half of the studies focused on caregivers who provided care for survivors from diagnosis through the end of active treatment. Studies examined physical health, spirituality, psychological distress, and social support. Differences in QOL were noted by caregiver age, sex, and employment status.Significance of ResultsAdditional research includes the examination of the needs of diverse cancer caregivers and determines how additional caregiver characteristics (e.g., physical functioning, financial burden, etc.) affect QOL. This includes studies examining caregiver QOL in the phases following the cessation of active treatment and assessments of health systems, support services, and insurance to determine barriers and facilitators needed to meet the immediate and long-term needs of cancer caregivers.

scholarly journals Withdrawal symptoms in children after long-term administration of sedatives and/or analgesics: a literature review. “Assessment remains troublesome”

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1396-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Ista ◽  
Monique van Dijk ◽  
Claudia Gamel ◽  
Dick Tibboel ◽  
Matthijs de Hoog
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Term Administration

Electron Microscopic Autoradiography of Rabbit Thyroid Gland Following Calcitonin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 676-677
Author(s):  
A. P. Lupulescu ◽  
F. C. Stebner
Keyword(s):  
Salmon Calcitonin ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Electron Microscopic Autoradiography ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Thyroid Follicular Cells ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
High Resolution Autoradiography ◽  
And Control

In a previous paper we observed that long-term administration of salmon calcitonin (SCT) exerts a goitrogenic effect on rabbit thyroid glands. In order to explain if this is a direct effect on thyroid follicular cells or mediated through other factors, we studied the cellular and intracellular radioiodine (125I) distribution by using high resolution autoradiography.For electron microscopic autoradiography, five adult rabbits were injected i.m. three times weekly with salmon calcitonin (Armour Pharmaceutical Company), total dose of 800 MRCU (Medical Research Council Units) per rabbit. Another three rabbits served as controls. Both calcitonin-treated and control rabbits received 500 μc radioiodine (125I) intraperitoneally (each rabbit) and thyroid lobes were removed 1½ hours after isotope and calcitonin administration.

scholarly journals Understand and analyzing learning objects: A foundation for long-term substantiality and use for e-learning

2015 ◽  
pp. 280-296
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Objects ◽  
Interactive Graphics ◽  
Digital Repositories ◽  
New Learning ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Interactive Text

In this paper, we investigated the genres of learning objects (LOs) within eight e-learning courses that provide boating safety instruction in the United States. Guided by findings from our literature review, five genres of LOs emerged during the analysis, including interactive and non-interactive graphics, interactive and non-interactive animations, and interactive text feedback. We surveyed the use of each genre of LOs within the courses and found that more non-interactive LOs than interactive LOs were adopted. Also, interactive text feedback was the most popular interactive genre available for seven courses. In our discussion, we explore potential management mechanisms of LOs in digital repositories. Our genre analysis provides a foundation for appropriate deconstruction of LOs into components, which can assist with the management of digital repositories. Effective deconstruction of LOs allows instructors and designers to successfully discover LOs that they need and reuse them in new learning units.

Light and electron microscopic investigation of adenohypophyses of germfree, food-restricted, and germfree-food restricted aging, male lobund-wistar rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
G. Ilse ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
N. Ryan ◽  
T. Sano ◽  
L. Stefaneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Aging Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

Electron Microscopic Analysis of Myonecrosis Induced by a Pure Component Isolated From Rattlesnake Venom

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Charlotte L. Ownby ◽  
David Cameron ◽  
Anthony T. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Pure Component ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mouse Muscle ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Rattlesnake Venom

In the United States the major health problem resulting from snakebite poisoning is local tissue damage, i.e. hemorrhage and myonecrosis. Since commercial antivenin does not usually prevent such damage to tissue, a more effective treatment of snakebite-induced myonecrosis is needed. To aid in the development of such a treatment the pathogenesis of myonecrosis induced by a pure component of rattlesnake venom was studied at the electron microscopic level.The pure component, a small (4,300 mol. wt.), basic (isoelectric point of 9.6) protein, was isolated from crude prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom by gel filtration (Sephadex G-50) followed by cation exchange chromatography (Sephadex C-25), and shown to be pure by electrophoresis. Selection of the myotoxic component was based on light microscopic observations of injected mouse muscle.

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