151-S: Ethnic and Gender Differences in Cigarette Smoking Prevalence Among Six Major Asian American Subpopulations in California

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the trends of smoking and snuff consumption in adolescents in Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, in the period from 1995/97 to 2006/08, with special emphasize on regional and gender differences. Method: We used data from all three waves of the Young-HUNT study, the youth part (ages 13-19 yrs) of the HUNT study, Nord- Trøndelag County, Norway. Young-HUNT 1 was conducted in 1995-97 (N=9131, 90% response rate), Young-HUNT 2 in 1999-2000 (N=2808, 80% response rate) and Young-HUNT 3 in 2006-08 (N=8601). Results: Fewer adolescents had tried smoking in Young-HUNT 3 (40.6%) compared to Young-HUNT 1 (56.5%), while the prevalence of adolescents who had tried snuff increased in the same period from 17.4% to 23.5%. The prevalence of adolescents who smoked daily or occasionally decreased between Young- HUNT 1 (girls 23.8%, boys 19.8%) and Young-HUNT 3 (girls: 14.6%, boys: 12.1%), while the prevalence of daily or occasionally snuffing increased (girls: 3.4% to 13.0% and boys: 20.2% to 23.1%). This constitutes a fourfold increase of the number of young female snuff users in little more than a decade. Occasional snuff use increased most in girls while daily snuff use increased most in boys. The same tendency was seen inn all regions, but the prevalence of tobacco use varied. Conclusion: The results demonstrate a shift from cigarette smoking to snuff use in the adolescent population between 1995 and 2008. Although a decrease in cigarette smoking occurred, the increasing snuff use makes the total tobacco consumption nearly constant

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Cigarette Smoking Motives: Factorial Structure and Gender Differences in a Longitudinal Study

International Journal of the Addictions ◽

10.3109/10826088809039218 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 535-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Norman Livson ◽

E. Victor Leino

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Factorial Structure ◽

And Gender

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Cigarette Smoking: A Light on Gender and Class Inequality in Britain?

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279400025411 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 509-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Hilary Graham

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Social Inequality ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

Smoking Behaviour ◽

Group Differences ◽

Class Inequality ◽

Class Differences ◽

Class Hierarchies ◽

Alternative Measures

ABSTRACTThe decline in smoking prevalence in Britain has been associated with a narrowing of gender differences and a widening of class differences in cigarette smoking. The shrinking population of smokers is increasingly drawn from those occupying subordinate positions in the gender and class hierarchies. The article reviews the evidence linking social inequality and women's smoking, drawing on conventional measures of gender and socio-economic position and on alternative measures which tap more directly into the processes that sustain gender and class inequality. The article deepens its analysis of the links between social inequality and smoking behaviour through a survey of women caring for young children in manual households. The survey uncovered pronounced intra-group differences in the smoking behaviour of women occupying broadly similar gender and socio-economic positions. These differences were associated, in clear and systematic ways, with differences in the mothers' social and material circumstances. High rates of prevalence and consumption and low rates of cessation were related to heavier caring responsibilities and to greater material disadvantage.

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Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.16.3.147 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 147-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Martin Grann

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Juvenile Delinquency ◽

Violent Offenders ◽

Matched Pairs ◽

Psychopathy Checklist ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

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Personal Problem Solving of Partners in Divorce Proceedings

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604/a000053 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 82-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tereza Soukupova ◽

Petr Goldmann

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Thematic Apperception Test ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Personal Control ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Personal Problem ◽

Thematic Apperception ◽

And Gender ◽

The Given

Abstract. The Thematic Apperception Test is one of the most frequently administered apperceptive techniques. Formal scoring systems are helpful in evaluating story responses. TAT stories, made by 20 males and 20 females in the situation of legal divorce proceedings, were coded for detection and comparison of their personal problem solving ability. The evaluating instrument utilized was the Personal Problem Solving System-Revised (PPSS-R) as developed by G. F. Ronan. The results indicate that in relation to card 1, men more often than women saw the cause of the problem as removable. With card 6GF, women were more motivated to resolve the given problem than were men, women had a higher personal control and their stories contained more optimism compared to men’s stories. In relation to card 6BM women, more often than men, used emotions generated from the problem to orient themselves within the problem. With card 13MF, the men’s level of stress was less compared to that of the women, and men were more able to plan within the context of problem-solving. Significant differences in the examined groups were found in those cards which depicted significant gender and parental potentials. The TAT can be used to help identify personality characteristics and gender differences.

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