Job Stress and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease among Older Workers in the Health and Retirement Study

Abstract Objectives This study aims to examine whether older workers aged 50–64 years with multimorbidity are at increased risk to transition from full-time paid employment to part-time employment, partial retirement, unemployment, disability, economic inactivity, full retirement or die than workers without a chronic health condition and workers with one chronic health condition, and whether socioeconomic position (SEP) modifies these transitions. Method Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (1992–2014; n = 10,719), sub-distribution hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with a time-varying Fine and Gray competing-risks survival regression model to examine exit from full-time paid employment. We investigated the modifying effect of SEP by examining its interaction with multimorbidity. Results Workers with multimorbidity had a higher risk of transitioning to partial retirement (1.45; 1.22, 1.72), disability (1.84; 1.21, 2.78) and full retirement (1.63; 1.47, 1.81), and they had a higher mortality risk (2.58; 1.71, 3.88) than workers without chronic disorders. Compared to workers with one chronic health condition, workers with multimorbidity had an increased risk for partial (1.19; 1.02, 1.40) and full retirement (1.29; 1.17, 1.42), and mortality (1.49; 1.09, 2.04). Only SEP measured as educational level modified the relationship between multimorbidity and mortality. Discussion Workers with multimorbidity seem more prone to leave full-time paid employment than workers without or with one a chronic health condition. Personalized work accommodations may be necessary to help workers with multimorbidity prolong their working life.

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Creating a Public Data Resource: The HRS-O*NET Linkage

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 231-231

Author(s):

Dawn Carr ◽

Brooke Helppie-McFall ◽

Julia Beckel ◽

Rebekah Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Older Workers ◽

Data File ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Data Resource ◽

Working Lives ◽

Public Data ◽

Retirement Study

Abstract Few longitudinal studies provide detailed information about the characteristics of the jobs older workers engage in, limiting the ability to evaluate the potential consequences of extended working lives. In this session, we introduce a new project linking the 2019 O*NET taxonomy and corresponding data to the Health and Retirement Study for public use. We describe the procedures taken to develop an O*NET linkage to be released to HRS users in the form of a publicly available data file, allowing aging researchers to evaluate detailed aspects of occupations in the 50+ population. We explain the types of variables that will be made available in the O*NET-HRS occupation project, and provide examples for how the measures can be used in longitudinal HRS studies.

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What the Stock Market Decline Means for the Financial Security and Retirement Choices of the Near-Retirement Population

The Journal of Economic Perspectives ◽

10.1257/jep.24.1.161 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 161-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Alan L Gustman ◽

Thomas L Steinmeier ◽

Nahid Tabatabai

Keyword(s):

Stock Market ◽

Older Workers ◽

Housing Prices ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Retirement Age ◽

Defined Benefit ◽

Defined Contribution ◽

Defined Contribution Plans ◽

Retirement Study

This paper investigates the effect of the current recession on the retirement age population. Data from the Health and Retirement Study suggest that those approaching retirement age (early boomers ages 53 to 58 in 2006) have only 15.2 percent of their wealth in stocks, held directly or in defined contribution plans or IRAs. Their vulnerability to a stock market decline is limited by the high value of their Social Security wealth, which represents over a quarter of the total household wealth of the early boomers. In addition, their defined contribution plans remain immature, so their defined benefit plans represent sixty five percent of their pension wealth. Simulations with a structural retirement model suggest the stock market decline will lead the early boomers to postpone their retirement by only 1.5 months on average. Health and Retirement Study data also show that those approaching retirement are not likely to be greatly or immediately affected by the decline in housing prices. We end with a discussion of important difficulties facing those who would use labor market policies to increase the employment of older workers.

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Widowhood and Retirement Timing: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study

The B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy ◽

10.1515/bejeap-2017-0178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Philipp Schreiber

Keyword(s):

Older Workers ◽

Early Stage ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Retirement Age ◽

Retirement Plans ◽

Skilled Workers ◽

Health And Social Care ◽

Retirement Timing ◽

Retirement Study

AbstractThe combination of an increasing life expectancy, low fertility rates, and an early effective retirement age creates a pressure to act for governments and organizations. The pay-as-you-go social security systems of many countries are troubled by the increasing ratio of retirees to working people. In addition, many organizations face difficulties caused by a shrinking workforce and the accompanied shortage of skilled workers. To counteract, it is essential to create an environment in which older workers are encouraged to stay in the workforce. Therefore, it is important to understand which factors influence the retirement timing decision of workers. This study analyzes how widowhood and changes in demographic, health-related, and financial factors lead to changes in retirement plans of Health and Retirement Study (HRS) respondents. I compare respondents’ actual retirement age with their retirement plans elicited in the HRS wave prior to retirement. The strongest change in retirement timing is caused by widowhood. Respondents who become widowed retire on average 1.7 years earlier than previously planned. The estimated effect of widowhood goes beyond the deterioration of physical health and mental health. My findings suggest that an intervention in an early stage after widowhood by the employer or by health and social care services can help the widowed employee to overcome the temporary adverse effects of widowhood and to prevent a precipitous retirement decision.

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Risk factors for occupational injuries among older workers: an analysis of the health and retirement study.

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.86.9.1306 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 86 (9) ◽

pp. 1306-1309 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

C Zwerling ◽

N L Sprince ◽

R B Wallace ◽

C S Davis ◽

P S Whitten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Workers ◽

Occupational Injuries ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Retirement Study

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Effect of recall period on the reporting of occupational injuries among older workers in the health and retirement study

American Journal of Industrial Medicine ◽

10.1002/ajim.4700280503 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 583-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Craig Zwerling ◽

Nancy L. Sprince ◽

Robert B. Wallace ◽

Charles S. Davis ◽

Paul S. Whitten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Workers ◽

Occupational Injuries ◽

Recall Period ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Retirement Study

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Cardiovascular disease and cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment in the Health and Retirement Study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02191-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Allyson L. Covello ◽

Leora I. Horwitz ◽

Shreya Singhal ◽

Caroline S. Blaum ◽

Yi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Cumulative Incidence ◽

Competing Risk ◽

Absolute Difference ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Retirement Study

Abstract Background We sought to examine whether people with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) experienced a greater incidence of subsequent cognitive impairment (CI) compared to people without CVD, as suggested by prior studies, using a large longitudinal cohort. Methods We employed Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data collected biennially from 1998 to 2014 in 1305 U.S. adults age ≥ 65 newly diagnosed with CVD vs. 2610 age- and gender-matched controls. Diagnosis of CVD was adjudicated with an established HRS methodology and included self-reported coronary heart disease, angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, or other heart conditions. CI was defined as a score < 11 on the 27-point modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. We examined incidence of CI over an 8-year period using a cumulative incidence function accounting for the competing risk of death. Results Mean age at study entry was 73 years, 55% were female, and 13% were non-white. Cognitive impairment developed in 1029 participants over 8 years. The probability of death over the study period was greater in the CVD group (19.8% vs. 13.8%, absolute difference 6.0, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 9.7%). The cumulative incidence analysis, which adjusted for the competing risk of death, showed no significant difference in likelihood of cognitive impairment between the CVD and control groups (29.7% vs. 30.6%, absolute difference − 0.9, 95% confidence interval − 5.6 to 3.7%). This finding did not change after adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical characteristics using a proportional subdistribution hazard regression model. Conclusions Overall, we found no increased risk of subsequent CI among participants with CVD (compared with no CVD), despite previous studies indicating that incident CVD accelerates cognitive decline.

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Cardiovascular Disease and Cumulative Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in The Health and Retirement Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-123071/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Allyson Covello ◽

Leora Horwitz ◽

Shreya Singhal ◽

Caroline Blaum ◽

Yi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cumulative Incidence ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Competing Risk ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Retirement Study

Abstract Background: We sought to examine whether people with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) experienced a greater incidence of subsequent cognitive impairment (CI) compared to people without CVD, as suggested by prior studies, using a large longitudinal cohort. Methods: We employed Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data collected biennially from 1998-2014 in 1,305 U.S. adults age ≥65 newly diagnosed with CVD vs. 2,610 age- and gender-matched controls. Diagnosis of CVD was adjudicated with an established HRS methodology and included self-reported coronary heart disease, angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, or other heart conditions. CI was defined as a score <11 on the 27-point modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. We examined incidence of CI over an 8-year period using a cumulative incidence function accounting for the competing risk of death.Results: Mean age at study entry was 73 years, 55% were female, and 13% were non-white. Cognitive impairment developed in 1,029 participants over 8 years. The probability of death over the study period was greater in the CVD group (19.8% vs. 13.8%, p <.001). The cumulative incidence analysis, which adjusted for the competing risk of death, showed no significant difference in likelihood of cognitive impairment between the CVD and control groups (29.7% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.64). This finding did not change after adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical characteristics using a proportional subdistribution hazard regression model.Conclusions: Overall, we found no increased risk of subsequent CI among participants with CVD (compared with no CVD), despite previous studies indicating that incident CVD accelerates cognitive decline.

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