scholarly journals Efficacy of two Pyrethroids Employed at Traditional and Extended Spray Intervals Against Fall Armyworm, Bollworm and European Corn Borer in North Carolina, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-298
Author(s):  
J. S. Bacheler ◽  
D. W. Mott
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Initial Application

Abstract Cotton was planted in a Wagram loamy sand on 10 May near Richlands, NC. The fertility and weed management programs followed NCSU recommendations with 0.6 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G applied in furrow at planting. Plot size was 6 rows (38 inch centers) × 50 ft with 10 ft alleys. A RCBD was used with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied via a backpack-type CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spraying Systems nozzle per row. Initial application for all treatments, based upon exceeding a threshold of 10 eggs per 100 terminals, was made on 22 Jul. The second application for the Baythroid 0.028 lb (AI)/acre, regular start treatment was made on 27 Jul, while the Baythroid at 0.045 lb (AI)/acre regular start treatment received only the initial application. The Baythroid at 0.028 lb (AI)/acre, scouting-based plot was treated on 22 and 27 Jul and on 4 and 19 Aug. The Baythroid at 0.045 lb (AI)/acre, extended, 14-d interval plot was treated on 22 Jul and on 4 and 19 Aug. A final Baythroid 0.028 lb (AI)/acre, extended, 14-d interval treatment was likewise applied on 22 Jul and on 4 and 19 Aug. Karate at 0.025 lb (AI)/acre was also treated at a scouting-based schedule of 22 and 27 Jul and 4 and 19 Aug, and the same material at 0.04 lb (AI)/acre on the extended 14-d interval was applied on 22 Jul and on 4 and 19 Aug. All plots were evaluated for FAW, ECB and BW-damaged bolls on 17 Aug and 15 Sep. Plots were harvested with a 1-row John Deere mechanical picker from the middle two rows on 13 Oct.

scholarly journals Control of Second Generation Tobacco Budworms on Cotton in Southern North Carolina, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-239
Author(s):  
J. S. Bacheler ◽  
D. W. Mott
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Mechanical Harvester ◽  
Recommended Practices

Abstract Cotton was planted on 4 May in a Norfolk loamy sand on 38-inch rows near Laurel Hill in southeastern NC. Recommended practices for fertility and weed management were followed, and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G used at planting for thrips control. Plots were 40 ft X 6 rows, with 10-ft alleys and 4 replications arranged in a RCBD. The entire test was oversprayed with 1.0 lb (AI)/acre Orthene 75S on 7 Jun to encourage TBW establishment via destruction of beneficial arthropods. A single application was applied to all plots on 21 Jun. All applications were applied with a CO2-pressurized back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gpa at 50 psi with a single Spraying Systems TX-8 hollow cone nozzle per row. On 27 Jun, 25 terminals from each plot were examined for TBW eggs, terminal damage from TBW and live larvae. No squares were present at this relatively late date and thus were not sampled. On 31 Jul, the number of white blooms and bolls was counted for 15 ft for each plot per replicate (60 ft total per treatment). Plots were harvested with a 2-row John Deere mechanical harvester on 18 Oct.

Ear Pests and Damage to Organic, Conventional and Bt-Protected Sweet Corn Grown in Central Kentucky

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
John D. Sedlacek ◽  
Karen L. Friley ◽  
Steve L. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Sap Beetles ◽  
Southwestern Corn Borer

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa) was grown in replicated plots in 2004 and 2006 using organic, conventional, and genetically-engineered (Bt) production practices. Organic plots were treated with Entrust® (Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN) whereas conventional and Bt sweet corn plots were treated with Warrior® (Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., Greensboro, NC). All plots were treated once at silk emergence. Organic and conventional plots were treated again 1 wk later. Twenty-five ears were harvested from row centers in each treatment subplot to quantify ear pests and assess ear damage. The highest number of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), larvae were found on organically-grown sweet corn. European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner); southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar; and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), larvae were not found as frequently. Neither corn earworm nor European corn borer larvae were found on Bt sweet corn ears. Sap beetles, Carpophilus lugubris Murray, were found on all 3 types of sweet corn. Organically and conventionally-grown sweet corn had a greater number of tip-damaged ears and numbers of damaged kernels per ear than Bt sweet corn. Ear length and weight were the same for all 3 types of sweet corn. Based on the information generated in this study, growing late-planted sweet corn organically or conventionally on a large commercial scale with a limited spray program and without using other types of ear pest management does not appear to be a practical or profitable option in central Kentucky.

scholarly journals Characterization of Chimeric Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3 Toxins

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 956-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fang ◽  
Xiaoli Xu ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jian-Zhou Zhao ◽  
Anthony M. Shelton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Corn Borer

ABSTRACT Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip) are potential alternatives for B. thuringiensis endotoxins that are currently utilized in commercial transgenic insect-resistant crops. Screening a large number of B. thuringiensis isolates resulted in the cloning of vip3Ac1. Vip3Ac1 showed high insecticidal activity against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda and the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa zea but very low activity against the silkworm Bombyx mori. The host specificity of this Vip3 toxin was altered by sequence swapping with a previously identified toxin, Vip3Aa1. While both Vip3Aa1 and Vip3Ac1 showed no detectable toxicity against the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis, the chimeric protein Vip3AcAa, consisting of the N-terminal region of Vip3Ac1 and the C-terminal region of Vip3Aa1, became insecticidal to the European corn borer. In addition, the chimeric Vip3AcAa had increased toxicity to the fall armyworm. Furthermore, both Vip3Ac1 and Vip3AcAa are highly insecticidal to a strain of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) that is highly resistant to the B. thuringiensis endotoxin Cry1Ac, thus experimentally showing for the first time the lack of cross-resistance between B. thuringiensis Cry1A proteins and Vip3A toxins. The results in this study demonstrated that vip3Ac1 and its chimeric vip3 genes can be excellent candidates for engineering a new generation of transgenic plants for insect pest control.

scholarly journals EUROPEAN CORN BORER, FALL ARMYWORM AND CORN EARWORM CONTROL, 1998.

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kolarik ◽  
A. Byrne ◽  
W. Pett ◽  
B. Bishop ◽  
E. Grafius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Corn Borer

scholarly journals Integrating Insect, Resistance, and Floral Resource Management in Weed Control Decision-Making

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio DiTommaso ◽  
Kristine M. Averill ◽  
Michael P. Hoffmann ◽  
Jeffrey R. Fuchsberg ◽  
John E. Losey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Transgenic Crop ◽  
Corn Borer

Managing agricultural pests with an incomplete understanding of the impacts that tactics have on crops, pests, and other organisms poses risks for loss of short-term profits and longer-term negative impacts, such as evolved resistance and nontarget effects. This is especially relevant for the management of weeds that are viewed almost exclusively as major impediments to crop production. Seldom considered in weed management are the benefits weeds provide in agroecosystems, which should be considered for optimal decision-making. Integration of weed costs and benefits will become increasingly important as management for pests transitions away from nearly complete reliance on herbicides and transgenic crop traits as the predominant approach for control. Here, we introduce a weed-management decision framework that accounts for weed benefits and exemplify how in-crop weed occurrence can increase crop yields in which a highly damaging insect also occurs. We highlight a case study showing how management decision-making for common milkweed, which is currently controlled primarily with glyphosate in herbicide-tolerant corn, can be improved by integrating management of the European corn borer (ECB), which is currently controlled primarily by the transgenic toxin Cry1 inBacillus thuringiensiscorn. Our data reveal that milkweed plants harboring aphids provide a food source (honeydew) for parasitoid wasps, which attack ECB eggs. Especially at high ECB population densities (> 1 egg mass leaf–1), maintaining low milkweed densities (< 1 stem m–2), effectively helps to minimize yield losses from ECB and to increase the economic injury level of this aggressive perennial weed. In addition, milkweed is the host for the monarch butterfly, so breeding-ground occurrences of the plant, including crop fields, may help sustain populations of this iconic insect. Using a more-holistic approach to integrate the management of multiple crop pests has the capacity to improve decision-making at the field scale, which can improve outcomes at the landscape scale.

Evaluation of a Sequential Egg Mass Sampling System for Predicting Second-Generation Damage by European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Field Corn in North Carolina

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1316-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Sorenson ◽  
John W. Van Duyn ◽  
George G. Kennedy ◽  
J. R. Bradley ◽  
Craig S. Eckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae
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