scholarly journals Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Control of Onion Thrips on Onions, 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
Alton N. Sparks ◽  
David G. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Plant Inspection ◽  
Experimental Plots

Abstract A small plot efficacy study was conducted at the Texas A & M Research and Extension Center in Weslaco, Texas, to evaluate selected insecticides and the effect of spray volume on control of onion thrips on onions. Experimental plots measured 3 beds (40 inch beds) by 25 feet, with two rows of onions per bed. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were applied on March 4, 11 and 18, with a CO2 pressurized sprayer (40 psi) with 3 10X hollow cone nozzles per bed (1 over-top, 2 on drops). Spray volume was adjusted by boom speed. Thrips were sampled by whole plant inspection of five randomly selected plants per plot. All thrips (adults and nymphs) were counted.

scholarly journals Comparison of Cyromazine (Trigard) and Bacillus Thuringiensis (Novodor) Foliar Sprays for CPB Control on Potatoes, Painter, VA

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
John Speese
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract Potatoes were planted on 8 April at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of six 30 ft long rows on 3 ft row spacing, replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Sprays were applied using either a tractor-mounted sprayer or a 3-hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer if the ground was too wet for the tractor. Sprays were applied in 40 gal/acre water. Spray dates are indicated in the tables. The entire test was sprayed out on 20 Jun with Vydate L at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre and Furadan 4F at 1.0 lb (AI)/acre to control first generation CPB adults. Evaluation criteria consisted of weekly counts of all CPB life stages present on 10 randomly chosen plants/plot, and the first sprays were applied at peak CPB egg hatch. Percent defoliation for each plot was rated on 20 Jun, and the center two rows of each plot were harvested and graded on 1 Jul to determine yields.

scholarly journals Comparison of Various Classes of Foliar Insecticides for Worm Control in Fall Cabbage, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
John Speese
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Worm Control ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract Cabbage was transplanted in two fields on 10 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. In both fields, each plot consisted of a single 25 ft × 3 ft row, replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. Plots were separated by untreated guard rows. Sprays were applied on the dates indicated in the tables using a 3 hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of all worm species present and final market ratings on 5 randomly chosen plants/plot. Sampling dates for each field are indicated in the tables. Market ratings were estimated according to Greene et al. in J. Econ. Entomol. 62(4): 798-800. A rating greater than 3 is considered unmarketable.

scholarly journals Management of the Tobacco Aphid and Tobacco Budworm on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-289
Author(s):  
Paul J. Semtner ◽  
W. B. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Count Data ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Experimental Plots

Abstract This experiment was conducted at the VPI and SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA, to evaluate TA and TBW control on flue-cured tobacco with various combinations of foliar and soil-applied systemic insecticides. Tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots, 8 X 40 ft (2 rows × 24 plants), 12 May. Ten treatments were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The Temik soil treatments were applied in 14-inch bands using a tractor-mounted Gandy granular applicator and immediately covered with 6 inches of soil during bed formation on 11 May. Foliar treatments were applied on 9 and 30 Jul using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 27 gpa at 60 psi through 3, TX-10 nozzles/row. Production practices followed Virginia Cooperative Extension Service recommendations except for insect control. TA populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants per plot before foliar treatments were applied and at 3, 7, 12, and 20 d after the first application and 4 and 11 d after the second application. TBW were reared in the laboratory on artificial media for 7 d and released at one BW/plant on 20 consecutive plants in the second row of each plot on 6 Jul. TBW on the infested plants were counted on the d before treatment and at 3, 6, and 12 DAT. Leaves were harvested, cured, weighed, and graded by a USDA/AMS inspector. This information was used to calculated tobacco yield and price. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by DMRT. TA count data were transformed to Log10 (x + 1) and TBW counts were transformed to SQRT (x + 0.5) before ANOVA.

scholarly journals Azadirachtin (Align) to Control CPB on Potatoes, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
John Speese
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract Potatoes were planted on 11 April at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of two 25 ft rows on 3 ft row spacing, replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. An untreated guard row separated each plot. Admire 2F was applied in furrow preplanting using a single hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer. Foliar sprays were applied on the dates indicated in the table using a 3 hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. On 21 and 23 Jun, the entire test was sprayed out with Vydate L at 0.50 lb(AI)/acre and Furadan 4F at 1.00 lb (AI)/acre to control first generation CPB adults. Evaluation criteria and spray decisions were based on weekly counts of all CPB life stages present on 10 random stems/plot. Sprays were applied if the following thresholds were exceeded: 4 small larvae, 1.5 large larvae, or 0.5 adults/stem. Percent defoliation for each plot was rated on 16 Jun and both rows of each plot were harvested and graded on 20 Jul to determine yields.

scholarly journals Use of Pymetrozine (CGA-215 944) to Control Cabbage Aphids in Collards, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
John Speese
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Cabbage Aphids

Abstract This study was conducted in a commercial collards field planted on 17 Aug near the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft × 3 ft row, bordered on each side by an untreated guard row, and replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. Treatments were applied 15 Sep with a single hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi and the total number of cabbage aphids was counted 20 and 28 Sep on 10 randomly picked leaves/plot.

scholarly journals At Planting and Foliar Insecticides to Control Insects on Snap Beans, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-66
Author(s):  
John Speese
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract Snap beans were planted on 11 May at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of two 25 ft rows planted on 3 ft row spacing and replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. An untreated guard row separated each plot. Payload 15G treatments were applied pre planting in furrow using a hand-held shaker. Foliar sprays were applied with a 3 hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of nymph and adult thrips on 10 trifoliate leaves/plot on the dates indicated in the table. The leaves were washed in soapy water, filtered through a Buchner funnel, and the thrips counted under a binocular dissecting microscope. A visual count of the number of PLH nymphs on 10 trifoliate leaves/plot was taken on 6 Jul. The first foliar sprays were applied on 8 Jun at prebloom and subsequent sprays were applied based on increasing thrips counts on the dates indicated in the table. When the Payload treatments required a foliar spray, they were treated with Orthene 75S at 0.50 lb (AI)/acre.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biological and Standard Materials to Control Insects in Fall Tomatoes, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
John Speese
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract Tomatoes were transplanted on 27 Jul at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25ft row with 5ft spacing between rows. An untreated guard row separated each plot. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Sprays were applied with a backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 45 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Applications were madeweekly from 12 Sep until 18 Oct with a total of 6 applications. Bravo 720 at 1.5pt/acre was added to the treatments and the check on 26 Sep and 2 and 9 Oct to control disease. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of the number of worm damaged fruit per 25 random fruit/plot, and counts of PA numbers on 5 random compound leaves/plot. Sample dates are indicated in the table. Green fruit was picked on 9 Oct and mature green and ripe fruit was picked on 24 Oct.

scholarly journals Evaluation of experimental designs in durum wheat trials

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Anastasios Katsileros ◽  
Christos Koukouvinos
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Incomplete Block ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Experimental Plots

Abstract Variability among experimental plots may be a relevant problem in field genotype experiments, especially when a large number of entries are involved. Four field trials on 24 durum wheat genotypes were conducted in 2013/14 in order to evaluate the efficiency of Incomplete Block, Alpha and Augmented designs in comparison with the traditional Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results showed that the RCBD can be replaced by an Alpha design, which provides better control of variability among the experimental units when the number of treatments to be tested in an experiment exceeds twenty. The ranking of the genotypes across the four designs was not constant.

scholarly journals Colorado Potato Beetle and European Corn Borer Control with Insecticides, Pasquotank Co., Nc, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
K. A. Sorensen ◽  
C. Wade Holloway
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Hill Plots ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract ‘Atlantic’ potatoes were planted in early Mar for Tests 1 and 2 near Elizabeth City, N.C. on 42 inch centers. Plots in Test 1 were 14 ft long and in Test 2 20 ft long, with single row spacing replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates within rows. Treatments in Test 1 and Test 2 were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (18X) operated at 60 psi to deliver 54.5 gal/acre. In Test 1 all treatments were applied on 5, 11 and 18 May. All treatments were applied to Test 2 on 5 May, with the exception of the 1/6 lb rate of Trigard 75WP in combination with Trigard 75WP at 1/3 lb rate which received the combination low rate (1/6 lb) 6 days later. On 11 May applications were applied to all treatments except for Trigard 75WP at the 1/3 lb, 2/3 lb (egg only) and Trigard 75WP 1/3 lb (egg only) plus Trigard 75WP at the 1/6 lb rate. At this time the low rate of the combination Trigard 75WP 1/6 lb rate was applied. Imidan 50WP at 2 lbs and Imidan 50WP at 2 lbs plus Butacide 8EC at 0.5 lbs was applied on 5, 11 and 18 May. Test 1 and Test 2 counts of CPB on 3/hill plots were made 11 and 18 May. Small larvae were assumed to be first and second instar, and large larvae, third and fourth instar. Visual CPB damage ratings were made 18 May and 15 Jun. Visual ECB ratings were made and potatoes harvested and yields recorded 15 Jun.

scholarly journals Control of Imported Cabbageworm on Late Season Cabbage, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
Donald J. Prostak
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract Cabbage was transplanted on 9 Aug at the Snyder Research and Extension Farm, Pittstown, NJ. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and consisted of single rows, 30 ft long on 5 ft centers with 3 ft between plants. Buffers were 5 ft between rows and 12 ft between plots within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Treatments were applied on 15, 18 Sep, and 1 Oct with a COz-pressurized single hollow-cone nozzle, hand-held sprayer that delivered 73.5 gal/acre directed at the upper surface of all leaves. Activator 90, a spreader-sticker, was added at the rate of 1 pt/100 gal to all treatments. Plots were evaluated on 28 Sep and 5 Oct by examining 5 plants from the middle of each replicate. All ICW larvae on the leaves were identified and counted.

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