scholarly journals Insect Management on Bell Pepper in West-Central Florida, Fall 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
David J. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sand ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Fruit Wall ◽  
Pepper Weevil ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Abstract Transplants were set 8 Aug, 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high and 32-inch-wide beds of fumigated EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 12 plants with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and sprays were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 16, 21, 29 Sept, 7, 13, 20, 27 Oct, 3, 10, 16, 23, 29 Nov, 6 and 13 Dec. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core and delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. Granular applications were made just prior to soil fumigation (about 2 weeks prior to planting) in two narrow bands 10 inches on either side of bed centers. On 5-6 Oct, each plant in each plot was inspected for small (≤0.5 inch long) and large (0.5 inch long) beet armyworm larvae. On 3 Nov, each plot was rated by two persons for increasing percentage of defoliation by beet armyworm larvae using the Horsfall-Barratt system. With this system, ratings of 1-12 corresponded to 1-100% defoliation. The ratings were averaged prior to analysis. Fruit were harvested on 2, 21 Nov, 14 and 19 Dec and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by beet armyworm larvae were determined. Fruit with slight feeding damage only on the stem or calyx were considered marketable. Fruit with either slight or severe damage on the fruit wall were considered unmarketable. Fruit also were examined for the presence of oviposition scars on the outside of the fruit and for the presence of larval feeding damage on the inside of the fruit caused by the pepper weevil. On 16 Dec, each plot was sampled by dislodging the insects from the tops of five plants with a 12 inch garden stake into the bottom of a rectangular cake pan painted black and coated with a thin film of vegetable oil. The numbers of pepper weevil adults, armyworm larvae, predator adults and immatures, and aphids were counted. The numbers of predators were totaled over all species since few of any one species were present.

Armyworm and Pepper Weevil Control on Bell Pepper in West-Central Florida, Spring 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
David J. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sand ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Fruit Wall ◽  
Pepper Weevil ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Abstract Transplants were set 14 Mar, 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high and 32-inch-wide beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 10 plants with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 7, 13, 20 Apr, 4, 11, 18, 25 May, 1, 9, 14, 21, 29 Jun and 6 July. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core and delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. The Neemix 4.5% formulation was inadvertently substituted for the 0.25% formulation for the first three applications. On 16 May, each plot was rated 1 to 12 for increasing defoliation due to armyworm feeding using the Horsfall-Barratt scale. Fruit were harvested on 24 May, 12, 26 Jun and 10 July and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by beet armyworm larvae were determined. Fruit with slight feeding damage only on the stem or calyx were considered marketable. Fruit with either slight or severe damage on the fruit wall were considered unmarketable. Fruit also were examined for the presence of oviposition scars on the outsides of the fruit and for the presence of larval feeding damage on the insides of the fruit caused by the pepper weevil.

scholarly journals Control of Armyworms on Bell Pepper in West-Central Florida, Fall 1993

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
David J. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fruit Wall ◽  
Pepper Weevil ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Abstract Transplants were set 10 Sep 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 12 plants with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 28 Sep, 4, 11, 18, 25 Oct, 3, 10, 15, 22, 29 Nov, 6, 13, 20, 27 Dec, 5, 11, 19, and 26 Jan. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core and delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. On 22 Oct and 15 Nov, each plot was rated for increasing percentage of defoliation by beet armyworm larvae using the Horsfall-Barratt scale. With this scale, ratings of 1-12 corresponded to 1-100% defoliation. Fruit were harvested on 18, 30, Nov, 9, 23 Dec, 6 Jan, and 2 Feb and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by beet armyworm larvae were determined, fruit with slight feeding damage only on the stem or calyx were considered marketable. Fruit with any damage on the fruit wall were considered unmarketable. Fruit also were examined for the presence of oviposition scars on the outside of the fruit and for the presence of larval feeding damage on the inside of the fruit caused by the pepper weevil.

scholarly journals Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, SPRING 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sand ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
West Central ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
Tomato Pinworm ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Abstract Transplants were set 10 Mar, 18 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 3, 10, 17, 24 Apr, 1, 8, 15, 22, 31 May, 6 and 12 June. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 60 gpa for the first two applications, 90 gpa the next two applications, and 120 gpa for the remaining applications using a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #25 core. On 10 May and 19 June, the numbers of tomato pinworm leaf rolls were counted by two persons in a 2 min. whole plot search. On 10 May, the numbers of Liriomyza spp. leafmines were counted by two trained observers in a 1 minute whole plot search. Pinworm and leafminer damage counts of both persons were totalled. Fruit were harvested on 10 May, 1, and 15 June. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number and weight of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae and flower thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on the blossom end) were determined.

scholarly journals Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
David J. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sand ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
West Central ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Southern Armyworm ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Abstract Transplants were set 8 Aug, 18 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 19, 27 Sept, 3, 10, 18, 26 Oct, 2, and 7 Nov. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 60 gpa for the first application, 90 gpa the next two applications, and 120 gpa for the remaining applications using a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #45 core. Tributyrin was applied at 150 gm/gal on the first application, was not applied on the next two applications, and was applied at 15 gm/gal on the last five applications. On 31 Oct, the numbers of ‘Liriomyza’ spp. leafmines and the number of southern armyworm larvae were counted by two persons in whole plant searchs of 1 min and 30 sec, respectively, and counts of both persons were totalled. Fruit were harvested on 18, 31 Oct and 14 Nov. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae were determined.

scholarly journals Blossom-end Rot Incidence of Tomato as Affected by Irrigation Quantity, Calcium Source, and Reduced Potassium

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1110-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Taylor ◽  
S.J. Locascio ◽  
M.R. Alligood
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sand ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Daily Evapotranspiration ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch ◽  
Temperature Water

`Equinox' tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown during the springs of 2001 and 2002 with black polyethylene-mulch and drip irrigation on an Arredondo fine sand in Gainesville, Fla., to study the influence of water quantity, Ca source, and reduced K on incidence of blossom-end rot (BER), marketable fruit yield, and fruit and leaf Ca concentration. Tensiometers were used to schedule irrigation in main plots when the soil matric potential reached 10 or 25 kPa. Subplot nutritional treatments were no added Ca, Ca(NO3)2, Ca thiosulfate, CaCl2, CaSO4, and K rate reduced by 50%. Interactions between year and treatment were significant. During 2001, total marketable yields were higher with Ca(NO3)2 or CaCl2 compared to plants that received Ca thiosulfate and were higher from plants irrigated at 10 kPa than irrigated at 25 kPa. Number and weight of BER fruit were lower with Ca(NO3)2 and reduced K than with no added Ca and CaSO4. Leaf and fruit Ca concentrations were generally higher with Ca(NO3)2 compared to all other nutritional treatments. Leaf and fruit Ca concentrations were generally higher from plants irrigated at 10 kPa than at 25 kPa. The reduction of NH4+-N, by the supply of N as NO3-, and the addition of supplemental Ca reduced the incidence of BER, and increased the leaf and fruit Ca concentrations. During 2002, marketable yields were higher with CaSO4 than with CaCl2 and reduced K. Weight and number of BER fruit were lower with irrigation at 10 kPa than at 25 kPa. Leaf and fruit Ca concentrations were higher or similar from plants that received Ca(NO3)2 than with all other nutritional treatments. During the 2002 season, rainfall was less and temperatures and daily evapotranspiration (ET) were higher than in the 2001 season. In the 2002 season, 3.28 × 106 L·ha-1 of irrigation was applied as compared to 1.58 × 106 L·ha-1 in 2001. With an average Ca concentration of 76 mg·L-1 in the irrigation water, much more Ca was applied during the higher ET 2002 season. With the higher transpiration and temperature, water uptake and hence, Ca uptake were increased. During both seasons, the lowest Ca concentration was observed at the blossom end of the fruit and the highest Ca at the stem end of the fruit. Fruit Ca concentrations were lower and BER was 5 times higher in the lower ET, higher rainfall (lower irrigation) 2001 season compared to the higher ET, lower rainfall (higher irrigation) 2002 season. These data support that BER was a symptom of Ca deficiency and this deficiency was aggravated by high rainfall, low ET, and the resulting reduced irrigation applied and reduced Ca uptake.

scholarly journals Reduction of Landscape Pathogens in Florida by Soil Solarization

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1388-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. McGovern ◽  
R. McSorley ◽  
M. L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Two experiments were conducted during autumn 1997 and 1998 in west-central Florida to evaluate the effectiveness of soil solarization alone and in combination with the biological control agents Streptomyces lydicus (Actinovate) and Pseudomonas chlororaphis (syn. P. aureofasciens, AtEze) and the reduced-risk fungicide fludioxonil (Medallion) in managing soilborne pathogens of impatiens (Impatiens × wallerana, ‘Accent Burgundy’). Naturally infested soil was solarized for 47 or 48 days during September and October using two layers of 25-μm clear, low-density polyethylene mulch, separated by an air space of up to 7.5 cm. Solarization decreased the final incidence and progress of Rhizoctonia crown rot and blight, incidence of Pythium spp. in roots, and root discoloration, and increased shoot biomass in both experiments. The technique also consistently reduced root-knot severity and population densities of Meloidogyne incognita, Dolichodorus heterocephalus, Paratrichodorus minor, and Criconemella spp. The incidence of Rhizoctonia crown rot and blight was reduced by fludioxonil, but not by the biological control agents.

scholarly journals Increased Long-Flight Activity Triggered in Beet Armyworm by Larval Feeding on Diet Containing Cry1Ac Protoxin

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e63554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Fu Jiang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Thomas W. Sappington ◽  
Li Zhi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Flight Activity ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Larval Feeding

Potential Postharvest Use of Radiography to Detect Internal Pests in Deciduous Tree Fruits

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Hansen ◽  
Donald W. Schlaman ◽  
Ron P. Haff ◽  
Wee L. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tree Fruits ◽  
Non Destructive

Radiographic techniques were investigated for their potential to detect internal pests in deciduous tree fruits. Two non-destructive methods, X-ray CT imaging and film X-ray, were used to detect larval feeding damage caused by codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in apples. In addition, CT imaging was used to detect larvae of the codling moth and western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), in cherries. Both techniques showed evidence of codling moth feeding tunnels in apples, as well as in cherries using CT imaging. CT images of cherries infested with fruit fly larvae showed retraction of the fruit pulp from the seed. This study supports the use of radiography to detect internally damaged fruits for sorting on the commercial packing line.

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