Potential Postharvest Use of Radiography to Detect Internal Pests in Deciduous Tree Fruits

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Hansen ◽  
Donald W. Schlaman ◽  
Ron P. Haff ◽  
Wee L. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tree Fruits ◽  
Non Destructive

Radiographic techniques were investigated for their potential to detect internal pests in deciduous tree fruits. Two non-destructive methods, X-ray CT imaging and film X-ray, were used to detect larval feeding damage caused by codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in apples. In addition, CT imaging was used to detect larvae of the codling moth and western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), in cherries. Both techniques showed evidence of codling moth feeding tunnels in apples, as well as in cherries using CT imaging. CT images of cherries infested with fruit fly larvae showed retraction of the fruit pulp from the seed. This study supports the use of radiography to detect internally damaged fruits for sorting on the commercial packing line.

Infrared Detection of Internal Feeders of Deciduous Tree Fruits

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Hansen ◽  
Richard Carlton ◽  
Steve Adams ◽  
Lawrence A. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Digital Computer ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Infrared Detection ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
Tree Fruits ◽  
Established Species ◽  
The U.S

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a worldwide pest of apple and pear. Due to the severity of codling moth in agroecosystems, it is a quarantine pest in countries where it is not considered an established species. Detection of codling moth infestations in exports intended for these countries is crucial to the U.S. apple industry. Tests were conducted on infrared thermoimaging that demonstrate detection of infestation by codling moth larva in apples. The system is dependent on subtle but significant differences in surface temperature between infested or entry sites and nearby uninfested sites. Because the imaging data are digital, computer programs can be used to rapidly and effectively sort infested fruits from the packing line.

Application to Non Destructive Physical Analysis Method Using X-ray CT Imaging

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Mizoguchi ◽  
Minoru Sugawara ◽  
Masahide Nakamura ◽  
Koichiro Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Printed Wiring Boards ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract We have been paying attention to the development of the nondestructive physical analysis (NDPA) technology. We think that NDPA is a technology which doesn't depend on the worker's capability or experience. There are many NDPA techniques, and analysis using X-ray imaging is one of the principal techniques. Due to the progress of the image analysis using computers in recent years, X-ray imaging have been evolving from two dimensional images to three dimensional imaging. We have been applying X-ray CT imaging to actual failure analysis and reliability evaluation since 2008. At ISTFA 2009, we reported on the effectiveness of X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) images in the failure analysis. [1] We confirmed that the X-ray CT image had various applications, for example, screening for counterfeit parts, the detection of the defect of the multi-layers printed wiring boards (multi-layers PWB), the structure confirmation of caulking contacts, and the detection of cracks or voids of the solder joint. This paper discusses the effectiveness of X-ray CT imaging in failure analysis and discusses the effectiveness of applying X-ray CT imaging to the propagation of cracks occurring at solder joints during temperature cycling test.

scholarly journals Assessment of Insecticidal Activity of Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Chilean Rhamnaceae Plants against Fruit-Fly Drosophila melanogaster and the Lepidopteran Crop Pest Cydia pomonella

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5094
Author(s):  
Soledad Quiroz-Carreño ◽  
Edgar Pastene-Navarrete ◽  
Cesar Espinoza-Pinochet ◽  
Evelyn Muñoz-Núñez ◽  
Luis Devotto-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ecdysone Receptor ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Feeding Medium

The Chilean plants Discaria chacaye, Talguenea quinquenervia (Rhamnaceae), Peumus boldus (Monimiaceae), and Cryptocarya alba (Lauraceae) were evaluated against Codling moth: Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae), which is one of the most widespread and destructive primary pests of Prunus (plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, almonds), pear, walnuts, and chestnuts, among other. Four benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (coclaurine, laurolitsine, boldine, and pukateine) were isolated from the above mentioned plant species and evaluated regarding their insecticidal activity against the codling moth and fruit fly. The results showed that these alkaloids possess acute and chronic insecticidal effects. The most relevant effect was observed at 10 µg/mL against D. melanogaster and at 50 µg/mL against C. pomonella, being the alteration of the feeding, deformations, failure in the displacement of the larvae in the feeding medium of D. melanogaster, and mortality visible effects. In addition, the docking results show that these type of alkaloids present a good interaction with octopamine and ecdysone receptor showing a possible action mechanism.

scholarly journals Acetic Acid Fumigation of Fruit Storage Bins to Control Diapausing Codling Moth Larvae

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1634-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Randall ◽  
Peter Sholberg ◽  
Gary Judd ◽  
Joan Cossentine
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
External Source ◽  
Fruit Storage ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Tree Fruits ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Fumigation with glacial acetic acid (AA) vapor successfully kills post-harvest pathogens on tree fruits and berries and reduces their spoilage in storage. In this study, we investigated whether a similar approach could be implemented to eradicate diapausing larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), from fruit harvest bins they commonly infest. In 24-h tests conducted in 0.023-m3 fumigation chambers using two concentrations of vaporized AA [117,360 and 174,823 cumulative parts per million-hours (ppm-h)], mortality of diapausing larvae was 81% and 100%, respectively. A similar 24-h exposure to a 61,940 cumulative ppm-h treatment of AA caused no mortality. A 24-h fumigation of diapausing codling moth larvae placed in scaled-down plastic fruit bins treated with 55 mL of AA evaporated into a 1-m3 chamber caused 100% mortality. The same fumigation treatment of artificially infested, scaled-down wooden fruit bins caused no significant mortality of test larvae. Atmospheric concentrations of AA vapor in 1-m3 fumigation chambers containing wooden bins could not be maintained at levels necessary to cause insect death, even after multiple injections of AA. We hypothesize that either the wood or the moisture contained therein absorbs or in some other way interacts with the AA vapor. The use of AA as a fumigant targeting codling moth larvae in wooden bins is not practical or economical at this time. Fumigation of plastic fruit bins with AA would provide an economical and environmentally friendly method of killing diapausing codling moth larvae. The successful disinfestations of plastic fruit bins of codling moth would prevent these bins from being an external source of infestation, thereby decreasing overall codling moth infestation in orchards, which in turn benefits current density-dependent management practices used for the area-wide control of codling moth. chemical name: Glacial Acetic Acid (AA).

Odorant-Based Detection and Discrimination of Two Economic Pests in Export Apples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flore Mas ◽  
Rachael Horner ◽  
Sylvie Cazères ◽  
Maryam Alavi ◽  
David Maxwell Suckling
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Invasive Pests ◽  
Butyl Esters ◽  
Induced Volatiles ◽  
Other Information

Abstract Detection of pest infestations in fresh produce traded internationally could offer improved prospects for reducing the movement of unwanted pests. Because immature stages of some pests can be difficult to find visually, other cues such as herbivore-induced volatiles that can potentially be detected at the early stages of infestation are worth investigating. In this study, we artificially infested postharvested apples (Malus × domestica ‘Royal Gala’) with two economic apple pests, the specialist codling moth (CM, Cydia pomonella Linnaeus, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the generalist Queensland fruit fly (QFF, Bactrocera tryoni, Froggatt, Diptera: Tephritidae) and collected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over time (days 0, 6, and 14–15). In both infestation experiments, we found a strong and significant interaction between time and treatment. Apples infested with the QFF emitted lower total amounts of VOCs than uninfested apples, whereas apples infested with the CM released similar total amounts of VOCs. Apples infested with CM had increases in several hexyl and butyl esters, which were particularly noticeable after 15 d. In contrast, changes in ethyl esters were characteristics of QFF infestation and could be detected from day 6. Our multilevel and multivariate statistical analysis identified specific volatile biomarkers for each species at each sampling time that can be used to design a new tool for remote detection and surveillance of these invasive pests in harvested apples. Nevertheless, other information such as the cultivar as well as the storage condition needs to be taken into consideration to increase accuracy of future odorant-based sensors for pest identification.

scholarly journals A study of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) parasitism by Ascogaster quadridentata in a derelict apple orchard

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 325-325
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
D.R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Ascogaster Quadridentata ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard ◽  
The Uk

Ascogaster quadridentata (Hymenoptera Braconidae) is a codling moth parasitoid native to Europe and established in New Zealand following introductions from the UK in the 1930s Ascogaster quadridentata parasitises the eggs of codling moth and develops and overwinters throughout the larval period of the host finally emerging from the host larval cocoon in spring As a result of its slow development the parasitoid does not protect the fruit from larval feeding damage Codling moth larvae in overwintering cocoons concealed under bark on apple trees were collected from a derelict orchard in Upper Moutere Nelson Larvae (n117) were carefully extracted from their cocoons and introduced into rolls of corrugated cardboard to complete their development Eightyeight larvae were successfully reared and 37 of these (42) were parasitized by A quadridentata This result is similar to a limited number of other records for this parasitoid in New Zealand and indicates that A quadridentata assists in reducing high populations of codling moth in derelict orchards or wild apple trees which are the main source for codling moth infestations in nearby commercial orchards

Highlights in the history of X-ray topography1

1995 ◽  
Vol 210 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Diffraction Theory ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dislocation Sources ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractX-ray topography provides a non-destructive method of mapping point-by-point variations in orientation and reflecting power within crystals. The discovery, made by several workers independently, that in nearly perfect crystals it was possible to detect individual dislocations by X-ray diffraction contrast started an epoch of rapid exploitation of X-ray topography as a new, general method for assessing crystal perfection. Another discovery, that of X-ray Pendellösung, led to important theoretical developments in X-ray diffraction theory and to a new and precise method for measuring structure factors on an absolute scale. Other highlights picked out for mention are studies of Frank-Read dislocation sources, the discovery of long dislocation helices and lines of coaxial dislocation loops in aluminium, of internal magnetic domain structures in Fe-3 wt.% Si, and of stacking faults in silicon and natural diamonds.

Stoichiometric Determination of Graphite Intercalation Compounds Using Rutherford Backscatiering Spectrometry

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Salamanca-Riba ◽  
B.S. Elman ◽  
M.S. Dresselhaus ◽  
T. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Error ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Graphite Intercalation Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Graphite Intercalation ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTRutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is used to characterize the stoichiometry of graphite intercalation compounds (GIC). Specific application is made to several stages of different donor and acceptor compounds and to commensurate and incommensurate intercalants. A deviation from the theoretical stoichiometry is measured for most of the compounds using this non-destructive method. Within experimental error, the RBS results agree with those obtained from analysis of the (00ℓ) x-ray diffractograms and weight uptake measurements on the same samples.

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