Parental marital functioning following traumatic brain injury in an adolescent/young adult child

Introduction: Brain injuries promote upregulation of so-called proinflammatory prostaglandin E2 leading to overactivation of a class of its cognate G-protein coupled receptors, notably EP1, which is considered as a promising target for treatment of ischemic stroke and, possibly, other neurological disorders involving excitotoxicity. However, our recent data suggest that of EP1 receptor in intracerebral hemorrhage may play a protective role. The goal of this study was to investigate a translational potential of EP1 receptor for treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: The acute brain injury was induced using controlled cortical impact (CCI) in wildtype (WT) and genetic EP1 receptor knockout mice (EP1-/-). Neurological deficit scores (NDS) and anatomical brain pathology were accessed at 48h after injury. Results: CCI resulted in significant cortical lesions, localized hippocampal edema and neurological deficits compared to animals from sham group underwent craniotomy only. The NDS after CCI were significantly higher in older mice (7-11mo) compared to young adult animals (2-4mo) in both WT and EP1-/- groups. Treatment with a selective antagonist SC-51089 with repeated doses of 20-100μg/kg after CCI had no significant effects on cortical lesions, hippocampal edema and NDS in young adult mice of both WT and EP1-/- genotypes. Post-treatment with 17-pt-PGE2 (300μg/kg) had no significant effects on anatomical brain pathology in young adult mice, but improved NDS at 24h in WT but not in EP1-/- mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed significant increases in GFAP and Iba1 immunoreactivity in selected brain regions surrounding injury suggesting astrogliosis and microglia activation. EP1 receptor knockout had no effects on GFAP and Iba1 expression in young adult mice, whereas lead to a significant attenuation of GFAP immunoreactivity in older mice. Conclusions: This study provides, for the first time, a clarification on the role of EP1 receptor in a preclinical model of contusive TBI. The results suggest that EP1 receptor might be involved in complex pathways differentially associated with neurological deficits. In addition, this study provides further clarification on clinical use of EP1 receptor ligands for treatment of acute brain injuries.

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Linked Lives: The Experiences of Family Caregivers During the Transition from Hospital to Home Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Brain Impairment ◽

10.1017/brimp.2012.4 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 108-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Emily Nalder ◽

Jennifer Fleming ◽

Petrea Cornwell ◽

Michele Foster

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Adult Child ◽

Community Reentry ◽

Linked Lives ◽

Framework Approach ◽

Hospital To Home ◽

The Individual ◽

Meaningful Relationships

The transition from hospital to home following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been identified as the point where responsibility for care shifts from rehabilitation services to informal family caregivers. There has, however, been little research examining the experiences of family members during this important transition that involves adopting or, in some cases, resuming a caring role (e.g., a parent caring for an adult child). The aim of this qualitative investigation was to understand the experiences of family caregivers during the transition from hospital to home, defined as the first six months postdischarge. The sample included 10 family caregivers, of which all were female and either a mother, spouse or ex-partner of an individual with TBI. Semistructured interviews were conducted on average nine months following community reentry and data were analysed thematically using a framework approach. The overarching theme was that caregivers wished to move past the injury. This desire to move forward stemmed from a realisation of how their life had changed and the weight of the care responsibility. Caregivers were also aware of how the life of the individual with a TBI had changed and hoped for a return to normality (by regaining independence, engaging in meaningful occupation and having meaningful relationships). Implications of the findings for research and clinical practice are discussed. There is a need for services to support family caregivers during the transition from hospital to home.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Externalizing Behavior in Young Adult Survivors of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/htr.0000000000000123 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 75-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Nicholas P. Ryan ◽

Nathan Hughes ◽

Celia Godfrey ◽

Stefanie Rosema ◽

Cathy Catroppa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Young Adult ◽

Externalizing Behavior ◽

Adult Survivors ◽

Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Young Adult Survivors

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Surgical management of head injury

Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery ◽

10.1093/med/9780198746706.003.0043 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 509-520

Author(s):

Hadie Adams ◽

Angelos G. Kolias ◽

Adel Helmy ◽

Peter J.A. Hutchinson ◽

Randall M. Chesnut

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Young Adult ◽

Head Injury ◽

Glasgow Coma Scale ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Adult Males ◽

Coma Scale ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The World

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United Kingdom and across the world, leading to disability and loss of productivity. The estimated incidence of TBI in Europe is on average 235 per 100 000, ranging of 150–300/100 000 per year. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is often used to classify the severity of TBI, with patients scoring 8 or less being classified as severe, 9–12 as moderate, and scores of 13–15 as mild. Mild TBI is the most common form of head injury, and the incidence of TBI is the highest in young adult males. In Western countries the major causes of TBI-related hospitalizations are falls, assaults, and motor vehicle traffic collisions.

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