Cytogenetic diversity in the polyploid complex Linum suffruticosum s.l. (Linaceae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Afonso ◽  
João Loureiro ◽  
Juan Arroyo ◽  
Erika Olmedo-Vicente ◽  
Sílvia Castro
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Polyploid Complex ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Whole Genome Duplications ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Genome Duplications

Abstract Polyploidy plays a significant role in the evolution and diversification of flowering plants. In several polyploid complexes, high morphological variability and plasticity coupled with cytogenetic diversity make it difficult to disentangle their evolutionary history. The main goal of this study was to gain insights into the role of whole genome duplications as one of the factors shaping the evolution of flowering plants. Linum suffruticosum s.l. has been described as a polyploid complex, with high morphological variability, but nothing is known about current cytogeographical patterns. We investigated cytotype diversity and distribution patterns in 151 populations covering most of the distribution range, in the Iberian Peninsula, south-eastern France, north-western Italy and Morocco, using flow cytometric analyses complemented with chromosome counts. A high cytogenetic diversity was found with five major cytotypes being detected (diploids, tetraploids, hexaploids, octoploids and decaploids) and with new ploidy levels being reported for the first time. The different ploidies were distributed parapatrically, with geographical structure and several contact zones. Most of the populations comprised one cytotype, but a few mixed-ploidy populations were observed. Our results suggest that whole genome duplications are one of the key mechanisms, alone or together with hybridization, governing the diversification of L. suffruticosum s.l. Genome size and/or chromosome counts might be useful tools for identifying specimens of L. suffruticosum s.l. Also, geographical overlap and high cytogenetic diversity suggest multiple origins of the polyploids. The diversity observed here has been mostly neglected to date and should be accounted when studying the biosystematics of this complex.

scholarly journals On the Expansion of “Dangerous” Gene Repertoires by Whole-Genome Duplications in Early Vertebrates

Cell Reports ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1387-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Param Priya Singh ◽  
Séverine Affeldt ◽  
Ilaria Cascone ◽  
Rasim Selimoglu ◽  
Jacques Camonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Duplications ◽  
Genome Duplications ◽  
Early Vertebrates

scholarly journals Legume Cytosolic and Plastid Acetyl-Coenzyme—A Carboxylase Genes Differ by Evolutionary Patterns and Selection Pressure Schemes Acting before and after Whole-Genome Duplications

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Szczepaniak ◽  
Michał Książkiewicz ◽  
Jan Podkowiński ◽  
Katarzyna Czyż ◽  
Marek Figlerowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme ◽  
Whole Genome Duplications ◽  
Genome Duplications ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase

Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase, E.C.6.4.1.2) catalyzes acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylation to malonyl coenzyme A. Plants possess two distinct ACCases differing by cellular compartment and function. Plastid ACCase contributes to de novo fatty acid synthesis, whereas cytosolic enzyme to the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids, phytoalexins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. The narrow leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) represents legumes, a plant family which evolved by whole-genome duplications (WGDs). The study aimed on the contribution of these WGDs to the multiplication of ACCase genes and their further evolutionary patterns. The molecular approach involved bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library screening, fluorescent in situ hybridization, linkage mapping, and BAC sequencing. In silico analysis encompassed sequence annotation, comparative mapping, selection pressure calculation, phylogenetic inference, and gene expression profiling. Among sequenced legumes, the highest number of ACCase genes was identified in lupin and soybean. The most abundant plastid ACCase subunit genes were accB. ACCase genes in legumes evolved by WGDs, evidenced by shared synteny and Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Transcriptional activity of almost all copies was confirmed. Gene duplicates were conserved by strong purifying selection, however, positive selection occurred in Arachis (accB2) and Lupinus (accC) lineages, putatively predating the WGD event(s). Early duplicated accA and accB genes underwent transcriptional sub-functionalization.

scholarly journals Widespread ancient whole-genome duplications in Malpighiales coincide with Eocene global climatic upheaval

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Cai ◽  
Zhenxiang Xi ◽  
André M. Amorim ◽  
M. Sugumaran ◽  
Joshua S. Rest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Duplications ◽  
Genome Duplications

scholarly journals Synteny-Guided Resolution of Gene Trees Clarifies the Functional Impact of Whole-Genome Duplications

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 3324-3337
Author(s):  
Elise Parey ◽  
Alexandra Louis ◽  
Cédric Cabau ◽  
Yann Guiguen ◽  
Hugues Roest Crollius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Families ◽  
Sequence Evolution ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Ensembl Database ◽  
Whole Genome Duplications ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Genome Duplications ◽  
Phenotypic Robustness ◽  
New Gene

Abstract Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) have major impacts on the evolution of species, as they produce new gene copies contributing substantially to adaptation, isolation, phenotypic robustness, and evolvability. They result in large, complex gene families with recurrent gene losses in descendant species that sequence-based phylogenetic methods fail to reconstruct accurately. As a result, orthologs and paralogs are difficult to identify reliably in WGD-descended species, which hinders the exploration of functional consequences of WGDs. Here, we present Synteny-guided CORrection of Paralogies and Orthologies (SCORPiOs), a novel method to reconstruct gene phylogenies in the context of a known WGD event. WGDs generate large duplicated syntenic regions, which SCORPiOs systematically leverages as a complement to sequence evolution to infer the evolutionary history of genes. We applied SCORPiOs to the 320-My-old WGD at the origin of teleost fish. We find that almost one in four teleost gene phylogenies in the Ensembl database (3,394) are inconsistent with their syntenic contexts. For 70% of these gene families (2,387), we were able to propose an improved phylogenetic tree consistent with both the molecular substitution distances and the local syntenic information. We show that these synteny-guided phylogenies are more congruent with the species tree, with sequence evolution and with expected expression conservation patterns than those produced by state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we show that synteny-guided gene trees emphasize contributions of WGD paralogs to evolutionary innovations in the teleost clade.

scholarly journals Inferring putative ancient whole-genome duplications in the 1000 Plants (1KP) initiative: access to gene family phylogenies and age distributions

GigaScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Michael S Barker
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Whole Genome Duplications ◽  
Genome Duplications

Abstract Background Polyploidy, or whole-genome duplications (WGDs), repeatedly occurred during green plant evolution. To examine the evolutionary history of green plants in a phylogenomic framework, the 1KP project sequenced >1,000 transcriptomes across the Viridiplantae. The 1KP project provided a unique opportunity to study the distribution and occurrence of WGDs across the green plants. As an accompaniment to the capstone publication, this article provides expanded methodological details, results validation, and descriptions of newly released datasets that will aid researchers who wish to use the extended data generated by the 1KP project. Results In the 1KP capstone analyses, we used a total evidence approach that combined inferences of WGDs from Ks and phylogenomic methods to infer and place 244 putative ancient WGDs across the Viridiplantae. Here, we provide an expanded explanation of our approach by describing our methodology and walk-through examples. We also evaluated the consistency of our WGD inferences by comparing them to evidence from published syntenic analyses of plant genome assemblies. We find that our inferences are consistent with whole-genome synteny analyses and our total evidence approach may minimize the false-positive rate throughout the dataset. Conclusions We release 383,679 nuclear gene family phylogenies and 2,306 gene age distributions with Ks plots from the 1KP capstone paper. These resources will be useful for many future analyses on gene and genome evolution in green plants.

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