scholarly journals Why Are Adolescent Mothers More iikely to Have Stunted and Underweight Children Than Adult Mothers? A Path Analysis Using Data from 30,000 Bangladeshi Mothers, 1996–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1463-1463
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Samuel Scott ◽  
Long Khuong ◽  
Priyanjana Pramanik ◽  
Akhter Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Poor Growth

Abstract Objectives Adolescent pregnancy is a major global concern due to its adverse effects on maternal and child health and wellbeing. Bangladesh has one of the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy globally. We sought to examine trends in adolescent pregnancy and associated factors in Bangladesh in the last two decades, and to understand why children of adolescent mothers are at high risk of poor growth. Methods Data were from 6 rounds of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (1996–2014). Women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in the 5 years preceding each survey (n = 30,331) were classified based on age at first birth: ≤19 years (adolescence), 20–24 years (young adulthood), and ≥25 years (adulthood). Trend analysis was used to assess the progress over time. Multivariable regression and structural equation models were used to understand how adolescent pregnancy is linked to child undernutrition through maternal nutritional status, education and bargaining power, health service use, child feeding and living conditions. Results Adolescent pregnancy has declined slowly, from 84% in 1996 to 73% in 2014. Children born to adolescent mothers had lower z-scores for height-for-age (mean difference: −0·64 SD), weight-for-age (−0·45 SD), and higher prevalence of stunting (18 percentage points [pp]) and underweight (12pp) than children born to adult mothers. Compared to adult mothers, adolescent mothers were shorter (−0·8 cm), lighter (−6.9 kg), more likely to be underweight (+14pp), had lower education (−4·3 years), less decision-making power (−9pp), and lived in poorer households (−0·79 SD) with poorer sanitation (−23pp) (all P < 0.05). Adolescent mothers were less likely to access ANC (−20pp), institutional delivery (−42pp), postnatal care services (−24pp) and had poorer complementary feeding practices (−15pp). In path analyses, these intermediate factors explained 66% of the association between adolescent pregnancy and child anthropometry, with the strongest links being through women's weight, education, socioeconomic status and complementary feeding practices. Conclusions Adolescent pregnancy is still the norm in Bangladesh. Policies and programs to address poverty and improve women's education can help to improve women's health, reduce early childbearing and break the intergenerational cycle of poverty and undernutrition. Funding Sources A4NH at IFPRI.

scholarly journals Young Mom, Short Kid: Examining Social, Biological and Health and Nutrition Service Factors Linking Adolescent Pregnancy to Early Childhood Undernutrition in India (P10-011-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Samuel Scott ◽  
Sumanta Neupane ◽  
Lan Tran ◽  
Purnima Menon
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Child Undernutrition

Abstract Objectives Adolescent pregnancy is a global public health concern and one in five adolescents live in India, where early marriage is widely practiced. We sought to examine linkages between adolescent pregnancy and child undernutrition using a holistic approach. Methods Data were from India's 2015–2016 National Family Health Surveys. Primiparous women aged 15–49 years who gave birth between 2010 and 2015 (n = 60,096) were classified based on age at first birth: ≤19 years (adolescence), 20–24 years (young adulthood), and ≥25 years (adulthood). Multivariable regression and structural equation models were used to understand how adolescent pregnancy is linked to child undernutrition through women's education and bargaining power, nutritional status, health service use, child feeding and living conditions. Results Overall, 24% of first births among Indian women aged 15–49 years in 2016 occurred during adolescence, with large state and district variability (from 4% to 45% for states and 1% to 62% for districts). Compared to children born to adult mothers, those born to adolescent mothers had lower z-scores for height-for-age (mean difference: -0.53 SD), weight-for-age (-0.40 SD), and weight-for-height (-0.16 SD). Compared to adult mothers, adolescent mothers were shorter (-1.2 cm), more likely to be underweight (+ 18%) and anemic (+ 8%), had lower education (-3.0 years), less bargaining power (-7% to -15%), and lived in poorer households (-0.66 SD) with poorer sanitation (-28%). Adolescent mothers were less likely to access health services (-4% to -15%) and had poorer complementary feeding practices (-3% to -9%). These intermediate factors were predictive of child anthropometry, with the strongest links being women's education, socioeconomic status, and weight. Conclusions Adolescent pregnancy is related to maternal nutritional status, education, access to nutrition and health services, complementary feeding practices, and living conditions; together, these are associated with child undernutrition. Policies and programs to delay marriage are likely to help break the intergenerational cycle of poverty and undernutrition in India. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through POSHAN, led by International Food Policy Research Institute.

scholarly journals Qualitative, longitudinal exploration of coping strategies and factors facilitating infant and young child feeding practices among mothers in rural Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Ahishakiye ◽  
Lenneke Vaandrager ◽  
Inge D. Brouwer ◽  
Maria Koelen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child

Abstract Background Mothers in low-income countries face many challenges to appropriately feed their children in the first year such as poverty, food insecurity and high workloads. However, even in the lowest income families there are mothers who succeed to feed their children according to the recommendations. In this paper, we explored the coping strategies that facilitate appropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices among rural Rwandan mothers from birth to one year of a child’s life. Methods This qualitative longitudinal study recruited a purposive sample of 17 mothers who followed the infant and young child feeding recommendations (IYCF). They were selected from a larger study of 36 mothers. In-depth interviews were conducted with mothers of the total group (36 mothers) within the first week, at 4th, 6th, 9th and 12th months postpartum. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Results Coping strategies included improving mothers’ own diet for adequate breastmilk production, prioritizing child feeding over livelihood chores, livelihood diversification and mothers’ anticipatory behaviors such as preparing child’s food in advance. Some of those coping strategies were shifting overtime depending on the development of the children. Personal factors such as breastfeeding self-efficacy, religious beliefs and perceived benefits of breastfeeding were among the facilitating factors. Additionally, social support that mothers received from family members, other mothers in the community, Community Health Workers (CHWs) and health professionals played an important role. Conclusion In challenging contextual conditions, mothers manage to follow the recommended breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices through the interplay of active coping strategies, feeling to be in control and social support. Nutrition promotion interventions that aim to improve IYCF should consider strengthening mothers’ capability in gaining greater control of their IYCF practices and the factors facilitating their appropriate IYCF practices.

scholarly journals Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices by Rural Mothers of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Md Saizuddin ◽  
Md Shahidul Hasan ◽  
Md Rashidul Islam ◽  
Md Alfazzaman ◽  
MM Mafizur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Rural Mothers ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

A descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out to assess the pattern of infant & young child feeding practices by the rural mothers of Bangladesh with a sample size of 450 during the months of January, 2015 to December, 2015. Out of 450 children, 51.1% are female & 48.9% are male. The proportions of infants with early initiation of breastfeeding (13.6%) and exclusive breastfeeding fewer than six months (57.3%) and infants who received complementary feeding at the age of 6-8 months (55.7%) were low. It showed that 90.4% of mothers have knowledge on exclusive breast feeding but only 57.3% of them have practiced it for 4-6 months. It further revealed that only 8.4% of mothers & 13.6 % of fathers are illiterate. The main problems revealed from the study were late initiation of breastfeeding, low rates of exclusive breastfeeding and inappropriate complementary feeding practices. It further revealed that 69.3% of the respondents had two or less children and only 30.7% had three or more children.Medicine Today 2016 Vol.28(1): 1-5

scholarly journals Socio-cultural Barriers in Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice among Mothers of Kumal Community in Nuwakot District

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Ramesh Shrestha ◽  
Ved Prasad Bhandari ◽  
Laxman Datt Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Child Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant And Young Child

Introduction: Child feeding practices have a direct consequence on the nutritional status of children under two year which ultimately have impact on child survival. Socio-cultural barriers is one of the main factors in infant and young child feeding in various community. This study aims to explore socio-cultural barriers of infant and young child feeding practices among mothers of Kumal community in Nuwakot district. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among mother of 6-23 months children’s in Kumal community. Data was collected from 67 respondents through face-to-face interview. The collected data was entered in Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS, version 20. Results: Our study reveals that 83.6% of the respondents had initiated early breastfeeding. More than half (56.7%) of the respondents had exclusive breastfeeding and 97% had extended breastfeeding. Half (50.7%) of the respondents introduce complementary feeding in time, sex of child was associated with exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding. Similarly, size of household, mother and father education was associated with continuation of breastfeeding practice. Conclusions: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding is still low due to many factors and one being socio cultural practices and beliefs. Interventions that can hit the socio-cultural beliefs should be given priority to exterminate the socio-cultural taboos from root level.

scholarly journals Complementary Feeding Practices of Nepali mothers for 6 months to 24 months children.

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (191) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Hari Chapagain
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding

Introduction: Lack of knowledge and proper feeding practices contribute to higher childhood morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study wasto evaluate the mother’s knowledge and practices in terms of quantity, quality and timing of complementary feeding in infant and young child.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted between June, 2010 to October, 2011, at Kanti Children's Hospital, Nepal, involving 1100 mothers of children from 6 to 24 months of age who attended outpatient department of this hospital, applying systematic sampling technique using semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Eighty-seven percent of mothers had knowledge about the duration of exclusive breast feeding but only 33.0% practiced it and 21.0% breast fed their children up to 3 months. Eighty-seven percent of mothers knew when to start complementary feeding and 53.27% of mothers used the marketed weaning food. lito alone was offered by 28.27% as complementary food. Though 36.6% had proper knowledge of frequency of complementary feeding, only 33.27% were actually practicing it and 9.9% were offering more frequent thanrecommended. About half of the mothers fed their child with the food of appropriate consistency and 66.0% fed with the appropriate amount. But only 15.82% mothers fed their children with ideal frequency, sufficient amount and ideal quality.Conclusions: There was a knowledge and practice gap of duration of exclusive breast feeding and initiation and continuation of ideal complementary feeding. Rate of exclusive breast feeding was on declining trend._______________________________________________________________________________________Keywords: complementary feeding; exclusive breast feeding; infant and young child feeding; ideal feeding._______________________________________________________________________________________

scholarly journals Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices upto Two Years of Age and Their Nutritional Status

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Salim ◽  
SA Mita ◽  
MN Uddin ◽  
NWB Jahan ◽  
MZ Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Child Feeding Practices

This cross sectional study was conducted during the period of May 2008 to June 2009, a total of 455 mothers having their children of less than two years of age were interviewed in paediatric OPD of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital to know the infants and young child feeding practices and their nutritional status. The mothers were mostly from the lower middle and poor socioeconomic condition. About one forth of the mothers had no institutional education. Most of the mothers live in a joint family. Pre-lacteal feeding rate were 60% and most common pre-lacteal food were honey and sugar water. More than 98% mothers gave colostrums to their newborn babies. Over 24% mothers initiated breast feeding within one hour and 18% did so within 30 minutes after birth. Exclusive breastfeeding rate up to 6 completed months of age was found in only 24.4% cases and it was more in educated mothers. Continued breast feeding rate was 34.5% in 19 - 24 months age group of children. About 24% mothers started complementary feeding timely at 6 completed months of age and about 50% mothers started early before 6 months. Most common complementary foods were carbohydrate rich cooked suji, barley or rice powder mixed with either cow's milk or powdered milk. Only 18.5% mother gave khichuri as a complementary food. Bottle feeding was still higher and it was 59.3% cases. In this study, 17.4% children were severely underweight and more than twenty four percent (24.4%) was severely stunted and 2.0% were severely wasted. Malnutrition was common in those children who were nonexclusively breast fed and start complementary feeding either early or late with carbohydrate rich food. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i1.18774 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2012 Vol. 41 No. 1; 14-20

scholarly journals Breastfeeding and infant/young child feeding in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Sunil Shah ◽  
Jose Augusto R. Simoes
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Child Feeding Practices

Background: Under nutrition being a major problem in Nepal, it is necessary to meet the minimum dietary standard which is essential for growth and development of young children, so promotion of infant and young child feeding practices among children is important intervention.Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted among mothers of children of Bardia and Kailali districts of under 2 years and data was collected using the pre-tested questionnaire.Results: The study shows 30.3 percent of the mothers initiated breastfeeding within an hour of birth, 47.9 percent gave colostrums, 25.5 percent were practicing exclusive breastfeeding at 6 or more months,60 percent mothers fed anything else as prelacteal feed before breast feeding, 60 percent of mothers started complementary feeding between 3-6 months, 47.9 percent of mothers used anything from a bottle with a nipple yesterday or last night, 74.8 percent of mothers were currently breast feeding their children, 58 percent used iodized salt and 70.05 percent revealed that their child received Vit A within last six months.Conclusions: The present study showed that late initiation of breast feeding and practice of prelacteal feeds among home delivered mothers being high. The frequency of complementary feeding ranged was less and early/late weaning are still widely prevalent, use of bottle feeding is high, use of iodized salt is still low. There is a need to educate the mothers regarding proper infant/child feeding practices. 

scholarly journals Mothers’ knowledge and attitudes regarding child feeding recommendations, complementary feeding practices and determinants of adequate diet

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Appiah Bimpong ◽  
Ernest Kaa-Emabong Cheyuo ◽  
Alhassan Abdul-Mumin ◽  
Martin A. Ayanore ◽  
Clement K. Kubuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Infant And Young Child

Abstract Background Complementary feeding is critical for optimal nutrition in infants and young children as it ensures their growth, health and development to attain their full potential. However, evidence shows that children from developing countries do not meet the core indicators for appropriate complementary feeding. We evaluated mothers’ knowledge and attitudes regarding child feeding recommendations and the determinants of adequate diet among children aged 6–23 months. Methods This cross-sectional study included 200 children aged 6–23 months and their mothers/care givers recruited during child welfare clinics of two health facilities in Ghana. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess determinants of adequate diet. Results Sixty-eight percent of the mothers knew the recommended duration of continued breastfeeding, 56.5% how to ensure dietary diversity and enrich their children’s diets and 94% (n = 188) had positive attitude towards recommended infant and young child feeding practices. Majority of the mothers (92%, n = 183) practiced continued breastfeeding, 10.5% of the children met minimum diet diversity score, 39.5% minimum meal frequency and 8.5% received minimum adequate diet. Determinants of receipt of minimum adequate diet were: having high knowledge in child feeding recommendations (100% vs. 0.0, p < 0.001) and child’s father reportedly earning adequate income to cater for the family (AOR = 12.1 (1.32–109.72, p = 0.027). Conclusion Motherss knowledge levels regarding infant and young child feeding recommendations had notable deficiencies although they generally had a positive attitude towards child feeding recommendations. Knowledge regarding infant and young child feeding recommendations as well as the child’s father having adequate income were important determinants of adequate diet. Nutrition education should emphasize on improving mothers’ nutrition knowledge regarding infant and young child feeding recommendations and supporting mothers to overcome barriers to feed their children with adequate diets.

scholarly journals Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices by Rural Mothers of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Saizuddin ◽  
Md Shaidul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Rural Mothers ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Background: Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices play vital role for the growth & development in the early months of life. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine and to identify the patterns and influencing factors of feeding practices in infant and young children of 0-2 years old in Bangladesh. Methodology: A descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out to assess the pattern of infant & young child feeding practices by the rural mothers of Bangladesh with a sample size of 450 during the months of January to December of 2015.Result: Out of 450 children, 51.1% are female & 48.9% are male. The proportions of infants with early initiation of breastfeeding (13.6%) and exclusive breastfeeding fewer than six months (57.3%) and infants who received complementary feeding at the age of 6–8 months (55.7%) were low. It showed that 90.4% of mothers have knowledge on exclusive breast feeding but only 57.3% of them have practiced it for 4-6 months. It further revealed that only 8.4% of mothers & 13.6 % of fathers were illiterate. The main problems revealed from the study were late initiation of breastfeeding, low rates of exclusive breastfeeding, and inappropriate complementary feeding practices. It further revealed that 69.3% of the respondents had two or less children and 30.7% had three or more children.Conclusion: Majority of the respondents have the knowledge on complementary feeding, knowledge on preparation of complementary feeding, knowledge on preparation of food by grains, knowledge on preparation of food by milk and milk products and knowledge on preparation of food by meat, fish, poultry, liver.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(1):19-25

scholarly journals Two to Tango? The Dance of Maternal Authority and Feeding Practices with Child Eating Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1650
Author(s):  
Ada H. Zohar ◽  
Lilac Lev-Ari ◽  
Rachel Bachner-Melman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Satiety Response ◽  
Child Feeding Practices ◽  
Maternal Authority ◽  
Maternal Feeding Practices ◽  
Fit Index

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between maternal feeding practices and children’s eating problems. Mothers of 292 children aged 5.9 ± 1.1, 50% boys, reported online on parental authority, overt and covert control of the child’s food choices, child feeding practices, and their child’s problematic eating behavior. Structural equation modelling yielded a model with excellent indices of fit (χ(2)(52) = 50.72, p = 0.56; normed fit index (NFI) = 0.94; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.001). The model showed that an authoritarian maternal authority style was associated with overt control, which was associated with maternal tendency to pressure children to eat and with maternal restriction of highly processed or calorie-rich snack foods. These, in turn, were positively associated with the child’s satiety response, food fussiness, and slow eating, and negatively with the child’s enjoyment of food. In contrast, a permissive maternal authority style was associated with covert control of the child’s eating, concern over the child being overweight, and the restriction of highly processed and calorie-rich snack foods, which were in turn positively associated with the child’s emotional overeating and the child’s food responsiveness. The model seems to tap into two distinct patterns of mother-child feeding and eating dynamics, apparently related to children with opposing appetitive tendencies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document