scholarly journals Principal Component and Cluster Analysis of Layer V Pyramidal Cells in Visual and Non-Visual Cortical Areas Projecting to the Primary Visual Cortex of the Mouse

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Laramée ◽  
K. S. Rockland ◽  
S. Prince ◽  
G. Bronchti ◽  
D. Boire
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Layer V ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Visual Cortical

Expression of GABAAReceptor Subunit mRNAs by Layer V Pyramidal Cells of the Rat Primary Visual Cortex

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Ruano ◽  
David Perrais ◽  
Jean Rosier ◽  
Nicole Ropert
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Layer V

scholarly journals Characterization of Feedback Neurons in the High-Level Visual Cortical Areas That Project Directly to the Primary Visual Cortex in the Cat

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Pan ◽  
Shen Zhang ◽  
Deng Pan ◽  
Zheng Ye ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Area 21A ◽  
High Level ◽  
Visual Cortical

Previous studies indicate that top-down influence plays a critical role in visual information processing and perceptual detection. However, the substrate that carries top-down influence remains poorly understood. Using a combined technique of retrograde neuronal tracing and immunofluorescent double labeling, we characterized the distribution and cell type of feedback neurons in cat’s high-level visual cortical areas that send direct connections to the primary visual cortex (V1: area 17). Our results showed: (1) the high-level visual cortex of area 21a at the ventral stream and PMLS area at the dorsal stream have a similar proportion of feedback neurons back projecting to the V1 area, (2) the distribution of feedback neurons in the higher-order visual area 21a and PMLS was significantly denser than in the intermediate visual cortex of area 19 and 18, (3) feedback neurons in all observed high-level visual cortex were found in layer II–III, IV, V, and VI, with a higher proportion in layer II–III, V, and VI than in layer IV, and (4) most feedback neurons were CaMKII-positive excitatory neurons, and few of them were identified as inhibitory GABAergic neurons. These results may argue against the segregation of ventral and dorsal streams during visual information processing, and support “reverse hierarchy theory” or interactive model proposing that recurrent connections between V1 and higher-order visual areas constitute the functional circuits that mediate visual perception. Also, the corticocortical feedback neurons from high-level visual cortical areas to the V1 area are mostly excitatory in nature.

scholarly journals A new framework for understanding vision from the perspective of the primary visual cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhaoping
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Foveal Vision ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Foveal Region ◽  
Analysis By Synthesis ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
New Framework

Visual attention selects only a tiny fraction of visual input informationfor further processing. Selection starts in the primary visual cortex (V1), which creates abottom-up saliency map to guide the fovea to selected visual locations via gaze shifts.This motivates a new framework that views visionas consisting of encoding, selection, and decoding stages, placingselection on center stage. It suggests a massive loss of non-selectedinformation from V1 downstream along the visual pathway.Hence, feedback from downstream visual cortical areas to V1 for better decoding (recognition),through analysis-by-synthesis, should query for additional information and be mainly directed atthe foveal region. Accordingly, non-foveal vision is not only poorer in spatial resolution,but also more susceptible to many illusions.

Excitatory inputs to layer V pyramidal cells of rat primary visual cortex revealed by acetylcholine activation

1992 ◽  
Vol 574 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gad Kenan-Vaknin ◽  
Rafael Malach ◽  
Menahem Segal
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Layer V

scholarly journals Emergence of Probabilistic Representation in the Neural Network of Primary Visual Cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ang A. Li ◽  
Fengchao Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Si Wu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Sensory Neural ◽  
Visual Cortical

AbstractDuring the early development of mammalian visual system, the distribution of neuronal preferred orientations in the primary visual cortex (V1) gradually shifts to match the major orientation features of an environment, achieving optimal representation of the environment. By combining the computational modeling and experimental electrophysiological recording, we provide a circuitry plasticity mechanism that underlies the developmental emergence of such matched representation in the visual cortical network. Specifically, in a canonical circuit of densely interconnected pyramidal cells and inhibitory parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) fast-spiking interneurons in the V1 layer 2/3, our model successfully simulate the experimental observations and further reveals that the non-uniform inhibition, mediated by local interneurons, exerts a key role in shaping the network representation through spike timing-dependent synaptic modifications. The experimental results confirm that PV+ interneurons in the V1 are capable of providing such non-uniform inhibition during a short period after the vision onset. Thus, our study elucidates a circuitry mechanism for acquisition of the prior knowledge of environment for optimal inference in sensory neural system.

scholarly journals A direct interareal feedback-to-feedforward circuit in primate visual cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Siu ◽  
Justin Balsor ◽  
Sam Merlin ◽  
Frederick Federer ◽  
Alessandra Angelucci
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Area V2 ◽  
Computational Work ◽  
Primate Visual Cortex ◽  
Similar Area ◽  
Hierarchical Computation

AbstractThe mammalian sensory neocortex consists of hierarchically organized areas reciprocally connected via feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) circuits. Several theories of hierarchical computation ascribe the bulk of the computational work of the cortex to looped FF-FB circuits between pairs of cortical areas. However, whether such corticocortical loops exist remains unclear. In higher mammals, individual FF-projection neurons send afferents almost exclusively to a single higher-level area. However, it is unclear whether FB-projection neurons show similar area-specificity, and whether they influence FF-projection neurons directly or indirectly. Using viral-mediated monosynaptic circuit tracing in macaque primary visual cortex (V1), we show that V1 neurons sending FF projections to area V2 receive monosynaptic FB inputs from V2, but not other V1-projecting areas. We also find monosynaptic FB-to-FB neuron contacts as a second motif of FB connectivity. Our results support the existence of FF-FB loops in primate cortex, and suggest that FB can rapidly and selectively influence the activity of incoming FF signals.

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