scholarly journals Scent Marks Signal Species, Sex and Reproductive Status in Tamarins (Saguinus spp., Neotropical Primates)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice C Poirier ◽  
John S Waterhouse ◽  
Jacob C Dunn ◽  
Andrew C Smith
Keyword(s):  
Scent Marking ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Olfactory Communication ◽  
Scent Marks ◽  
Saguinus Oedipus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Headspace Gas ◽  
Invasive Method

Abstract Olfactory communication is an important mediator of social interactions in mammals, thought to provide information about an individual’s identity and current social, reproductive, and health status. In comparison with other taxa such as carnivores and rodents, few studies have examined primate olfactory communication. Tamarins (Callitrichidae) conspicuously deposit odorous secretions, produced by specialized scent glands, in their environment. In this study, we combined behavioral and chemical data on captive cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, and bearded emperor tamarins, S. imperator subgrisescens, to examine the role of olfactory communication in the advertisement of species, sex, and reproductive status. We observed no difference in scent-marking behavior between species; however, females marked more frequently than males, and reproductive individuals more than non-reproductive ones. In addition, tamarins predominantly used their anogenital gland when scent-marking, followed by the suprapubic gland. We collected swabs of naturally deposited tamarin anogenital scent marks, and analyzed these samples using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Despite a limited sample size, we established differences in tamarin anogenital mark chemical composition between species, sex and reproductive status, and identified 41 compounds. The compounds identified, many of which have been reported in previous work on mammalian semiochemistry, form targets for future bioassay studies to identify semiochemicals. Our non-invasive method for collecting deposited scent marks makes it a promising method for the study of olfactory communication in scent-marking animal species, applicable to field settings and for the study of elusive animals.

scholarly journals VIRTUAL BRONCHOSCOPY OF MULTISPIRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY WITH TRAUMATIC INJURIES OF THE MAIN BRONCHUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
P. M. Kotlyarov ◽  
N. V. Chernichenko ◽  
V. P. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Virtual Bronchoscopy ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Lesion ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Bone Structures

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of virtual bronchoscopy (VB) in traumatic rupture of the main bronchus Material and methods. Тhe data of virtual bronchoscopy of multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) with multiplanar and 3D reconstructions of 10 patients with traumatic separation of the main bronchus were analyzed. MSCT was carried out by the computer tomograph AquilionONE (320-slice) according to the previously described technique. Results of the study. VB MSCT allowed to determine the presence of a complete or partial rupture of the main bronchus, its distance to the bifurcation of the trachea, the state of the collapsed lung, the presence of fluid in the hemithorax, secondary changes in the bone structures of the chest. The World Bank played an important role in monitoring the adequacy of reconstructive measures on the damaged bronchus, excluding the occurrence of postoperative stenosis. The conclusion. Virtual bronchoscopy of multispiral computed tomography with the capabilities of multiplanar and volumetric reconstructions, postprocessing image processing is an optimal non-invasive method for determining the traumatic lesion of the main bronchi and monitoring the success of the reconstructive surgical manual.

Volatile substances in feces, urine and urine-marked feces of feral horses

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikako Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Scent Marking ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Releaser Pheromone

The identity and amount of volatile substances in the feces, urine and feces scent-marked with urine (i.e., feces mixed with urine) of feral horses was determined by acid/steam distillation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The frequency of excretion and scent marking, as evaluated in the breeding and non-breeding seasons, showed clear evidence of seasonal behavioral differences. The concentration of each substance (fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, amines and alkanes) in the feces differed according to maturity, sex and stage in the reproductive process. They had a characteristic chemical fingerprint. Although the levels of tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acids in the feces of estrous mares were significantly higher than the respective levels in the feces of non-estrous mares, in the case of scent-marked feces by stallions, the levels of them in the feces from estrous mares had decreased to levels similar to those in non-estrous mares. The concentration of these substances in mares were not significantly different. The presence of a high concentration of cresols in the urine of stallions in the breeding season suggests that one role of scent marking by stallions is masking the odor of the feces produced by mares. Key words: Odors (volatile), excrement, scent-marking, masking, horse (feral), (releaser) pheromone

Testicular responsiveness to hCG during infancy measured by salivary testosterone

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Dunkel ◽  
Ilpo Huhtaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Prepubertal Boys ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. To investigate the role of gonadotropins in postnatal testicular activation, testosterone responsiveness to human chorionic gonadotropin was studied in 11 male infants (aged 5-180 days). The boys were given a single im injection of 5000 IU/1.7m2 hCG, and serum and salivary testosterone responses were then measured for 7 days. The results were compared with the serum testosterone responses of 8 older prepubertal boys (aged 1.7-10.4 years) studied with the same protocol. The mean (±sem) basal serum testosterone levels were 2.67±1.27 nmol/l in the infants and 0.09±0.02 nmol/l in the prepubertal boys (p<0.05). Both groups gave a significant response to hCG stimulation (p<0.001, ANOVA, one-way). The stimulated concentrations of serum testosterone were higher in the infants than in the prepubertal boys (p<0.001). The mean basal level of salivary testosterone was 30.5 ±7.0 and the mean maximal level was 97± 10.3 pmol/l in the infants (p<0.001). No age-related changes were observed in either basal or hCG-stimulated levels. In infants the mean (±sem) maximal hCG-stimulated increase was 25 ± 10-fold in serum and 8±4-fold in saliva (p=0.13). A clear stimulatory effect of hCG on testicular testosterone production was found, suggesting that the postnatal increase in serum testosterone concentration in male infants is gonadotropin-mediated. Salivary testosterone concentrations can be increased by hCG, indicating that measurements of salivary testosterone may provide an optional, non-invasive method for assessing gonadal function in children.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of COVID-19 by exhaled breath analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
pp. 00139-2021
Author(s):  
Wadah Ibrahim ◽  
Rebecca L. Cordell ◽  
Michael J. Wilde ◽  
Matthew Richardson ◽  
Liesl Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Clinical Probability ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Exhaled Breath Analysis

BackgroundThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over two and a half million lives worldwide so far. SARS-CoV-2 infection is perceived to be seasonally recurrent and a rapid non-invasive biomarker to accurately diagnose patients early-on in their disease course will be necessary to meet the operational demands for COVID-19 control in the coming years.ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of exhaled breath volatile biomarkers in identifying patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection, based on their underlying PCR status and clinical probability.MethodsA prospective, real-world, observational study recruiting adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. Breath samples were collected using a standard breath collection bag, modified with appropriate filters to comply with local infection control recommendations and samples were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS).Findings81 patients were recruited between April 29th to July 10th, 2020, of whom 52/81 (64%) tested positive for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. A regression analysis identified a set of seven exhaled breath features (benzaldehyde, 1-propanol, 3, 6-methylundecane, camphene, beta-cubebene, Iodobenzene, and an unidentified compound) that separated PCR positive patients with an area under the curve (AUC): 0.836, sensitivity: 68%, specificity: 85%.ConclusionsGC-MS detected exhaled breath biomarkers were able to identify PCR positive COVID-19 patients. External replication of these compounds is warranted to validate these results.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism in Crowned Lemur Scent-Marking.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Elwell ◽  
David Walker ◽  
Stefano Vaglio
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Scent Marks ◽  
Resource Defense

Primates are traditionally considered to have a poor sense of smell. However, olfaction is important for non-human primates as demonstrated by conspicuous scent-marking behaviours in lemurs. We studied two family groups (N=4) of crowned lemurs (Eulemur coronatus) housed at Colchester and Twycross zoos (UK) by combining behavioural observations and chemical analyses of scent-marks. We recorded observations of olfactory behaviours for 201&thinsp;h using instantaneous scan sampling. We investigated the volatile compounds of ano-genital odour secretions using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Males scent-marked most frequently, displaying ano-genital marking for allomarking, head marking for countermarking and wrist marking in specific areas of the enclosure. Females displayed ano-genital marking predominantly on feeding devices. We detected a total of 38 volatile components in all male ano-genital scent-marks and 26 in all female samples of ano-genital odour secretions, including a series of esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, terpenes, volatile fatty acids and hydrocarbons that have been identified in odour profiles of other primates. In conclusion, we found sexual dimorphism in crowned lemurs. Male head and wrist marking behaviours might play defensive territorial functions, while ano-genital marking would be related to socio-sexual communication as chemical mate-guarding. Female ano-genital marking might be involved in resource defense.

ROLE OF DERMATOSCOPY IN CHRONIC DERMATOSES DIAGNOSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
G. S. Chekhovska
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Vascular Structures

Dermatoscopy is a valuable auxiliary non−invasive method used in the diagnosis of inflammatory, parasitic and viral skin diseases. Treatment of dermatoses is based on the results of analysis of melanin, follicular−horny and vascular components. Diagnosis begins with polarized dermatoscopy and then progresses to non−polarized using immersion fluid. At dermatoscopic inspection of a psoriatic plaque the point vessels evenly distributed along all the surface (a symptom of "scattered red pepper") are noted. Eczema is characterized by focal accumulation of blood vessels in the form of dots, peeling, yellowish crusts. Examination of discoid lupus erythematosus foci often reveals individual linear or branched vessels, their location is random. Red herpes zoster is dermatoscopically characterized by vascular structures in the form of large granular horny plugs of whitish color with a pearly sheen. The most informative is dermatoscopy in the differential diagnosis of erythematous form of rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis. On the erythematous background, dilated vessels around the sebaceous hair follicles, large vascular polygons formed from vessels thicker than in healthy skin and seborrheic dermatitis are found. At inspection of the fresh centers of a sclero−atrophic lichen diffuse unstructured zones of white color with a peripheral erythematous corolla and with numerous light comedic structures on a surface are visualized. At dermatoscopy of the Little − Lassueur syndrome in follicular papules on skin gray, violet points located in the form of a circle are noted. Dermatoscopy is increasingly used in dermatology, especially in the differential diagnosis of dermatoses of inflammatory and parasitic nature.

scholarly journals A non-invasive method to assess the reproductive status of the European badger (Meles meles) from urinary sex-steroid metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 113655
Author(s):  
Nadine Adrianna Sugianto ◽  
Martin Dehnhard ◽  
Chris Newman ◽  
David W. Macdonald ◽  
Christina D. Buesching
Keyword(s):  
Meles Meles ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
European Badger ◽  
Invasive Method

62 A Novel Non-Invasive Method to Monitor Gastric Motility in Mice: Role of CRF During Cold Stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. A-9
Author(s):  
Guillaume Gourcerol ◽  
David W. Adelson ◽  
Mulugeta Million ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Yvette Tache
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism in Crowned Lemur Scent-Marking

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2091
Author(s):  
Emily J. Elwell ◽  
David Walker ◽  
Stefano Vaglio
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Scent Marks ◽  
Resource Defense

Primates are traditionally considered to have a poor sense of smell. However, olfaction is important for non-human primates as demonstrated by conspicuous scent-marking behaviours in lemurs. We studied two pairs (n = 4) of crowned lemurs (Eulemur coronatus) housed at Colchester and Twycross zoos (UK) by combining behavioural observations and chemical analyses of scent-marks and glandular swabs. We recorded observations of olfactory behaviours for 201 h using instantaneous scan sampling. We investigated the volatile compounds of ano-genital odour secretions (n = 16) using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Males scent-marked most frequently, displaying ano-genital marking for allomarking, head marking for countermarking and wrist marking in specific areas of the enclosure. Females displayed ano-genital marking, predominantly on feeding devices. We detected a total of 38 volatile components in all male ano-genital scent-marks and 26 in all female samples of ano-genital odour secretions, including a series of esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, terpenes, volatile fatty acids and hydrocarbons that have been identified in odour profiles of other primates. In conclusion, we found sexual dimorphism in crowned lemur scent-marking. Male head and wrist marking behaviours might play defensive territorial functions, while ano-genital marking would be related to socio-sexual communication as chemical mate-guarding. Female ano-genital marking might be involved in resource defense.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document