Concentrations of Human Choriogonadotropin, Its β-Subunit, and the Core Fragment of the β-Subunit in Serum and Urine of Men and Nonpregnant Women

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1981-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Alfthan ◽  
C Haglund ◽  
J Dabek ◽  
U H Stenman
Keyword(s):  
Urine Samples ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Reference Limit ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Fragment ◽  
Human Choriogonadotropin ◽  
Beta Hcg ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Sensitive, specific time-resolved immunofluorometric assays were used to measure the concentrations of human choriogonadotropin (hCG), free beta-subunit (beta-hCG), and the core fragment of beta-hCG (c beta-hCG) in serum and urine of men and nonpregnant women without evidence of cancer. Concentrations of hCG and beta-hCG were measurable in 59-70% of serum samples and in 50-59% of urine samples. c beta-hCG was mostly undetectable in serum but measurable in 81% of urine samples. Concentrations were higher in women than in men, and hCG concentrations increased with age. Therefore, reference ranges based on the 97.5 percentile were calculated separately for women and men and for those < 50 and > 50 years. However, concentrations of hCG correlated much more strongly with those of follicle-stimulating hormone than with age. hCG concentrations in serum were similar to those reported before, but beta-hCG concentrations were below the detection limit of earlier assays, and the upper reference limit was one-fifth to one-tenth the cutoff concentrations used earlier. In urine, hCG and c beta-hCG were the major forms of hCG, and their concentrations were similar to those of hCG in serum.

Addressing the standardisation of internal standards and preservative used in human bio fluids for NMR analysis: a method optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Fatimatuzzahra’ Abd Aziz ◽  
Baharudin Ibrahim ◽  
Vikneswaran Murugaiyah ◽  
Azmi Sarriff
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Considerable Saving ◽  
Serum And Urine ◽  
Serum And Urine Samples

Abstract Objectives A database comprising multivariate data in developing a model from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis using human bio fluids are necessary to have reproducibility and reliability of the data. To achieve reproducibility of the data, standardised experiments, including internal standard and preservative used should be attained, especially for samples such as human bio fluids to hinder the variation among samples. The aim of the study was to optimise in commonly used human bio fluids (serum and urine) for a suitable internal standard and preservative used in extended storage samples for NMR analysis. Methods Serum and urine samples were collected from healthy human subjects. The experiment was divided into two parts, part one to evaluate 2,2,2,2-tetradeutero-4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentanoic acid (TSP) and 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-ammonium trifluoroacetate (DSA) as the optimal internal standard for the serum and urine samples. The second part investigated the effects of preservatives in the serum and urine samples on extended storage. Results Overall, TSP and DSA are suitable to be used as an internal standard in human urine samples. However, DSA is a superior internal standard in serum samples for NMR analysis. For the effect of preservative, the results indicated that human serum and urine samples could be stored without addition of preservative in −80 °C, as no changes in NMR fingerprinting have been observed during storage in the absence or presence of the preservative. Conclusions The findings suggest the use of DSA and TSP as an internal standard in serum and urine samples, respectively. Storage of serum and urine samples without any addition of preservative for an extended period has no effect on the metabolites changes. By having a standardised method, it will offer a considerable saving in both operator and spectrometer time and most importantly produce reproducible and reliable data.

Modification of the choriogonadotropin beta-subunit radioimmunoassay for determination of urinary choriogonadotropin.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1958-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
J McCready ◽  
G D Braunstein ◽  
D Helm ◽  
M E Wade
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Radioreceptor Assay ◽  
Beta Subunit ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Human Choriogonadotropin ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
Serum And Urine ◽  
Serum And Urine Samples

Abstract The choriogonadotropin beta-subunit radioimminoassay has been used extensively to measure human choriogonadotropin in the sera of pregnant women and individuals with trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic tumors. Unmodified, this method cannot be used to measure choriogonadotropin in urine because of interfering substances. We circumvented the non-parallelism between the standards and serial dilutions of urine containing choriogonadotropin by adding pooled urine from men to the standard tubes and limiting the volume of urine to 100 microliter. This modified assay has a sensitivity of 3 int. units/liter of urine and is specific for choriogonadotropin concentrations of 40 int. units/liter of urine. Analytical recovery of choriogonadotropin added to urine ranged from 96 to 105%. The within-assay CV was 7.6%; the between-assay CV was 11.8%. Concentrations of choriogonadotropin in concurrently collected serum and urine samples from pregnant women correlated well. The test can be performed within 24 h by using the double-antibody method for separating bound from free hormone, or in 3 h with a dioxane method. The assay is about 20-fold more sensitive than the 2-min or 2-h slide and tube pregnancy tests, and seven-to 12-fold more sensitive than the radioreceptor assay.

scholarly journals Immunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin, its free subunits, and metabolites

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2233-2243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence A Cole
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Core Fragment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Stability ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Serum And Urine ◽  
Serum And Urine Samples

Abstract Multiple hCG-related molecules are present in pregnancy serum and urine samples. These include nonnicked hCG (the hormone), nicked hCG, hyper- and hypoglycosylated hCG, hCG missing the C-terminal extension, free α-subunit, large free α-subunit, free β-subunit, nicked free β-subunit, and β-core fragment. Over 100 immunoassays are sold for quantifying hCG-related molecules in serum or urine. Each measures nonnicked hCG and one of seven combinations of the other hCG-related molecules. This is the source of interassay discordance in hCG determinations. Whereas minor variations are noted in different kit results in normal pregnancy samples (more than twofold variation), much larger variations may be found in two immunoassay results in irregular gestations (spontaneous abortion, aneuploidy, preeclampsia, cancers, and trophoblast disease). Care is needed in choosing an immunoassay. What the assay measures may be more important than its cost or speed. This article reviews the structure of hCG and related molecules. It examines the stability and degradation of hCG, and recognition of hCG-related molecules by different types of immunoassay. Also reviewed are new assays for specifically detecting these other hCG-related molecules.

scholarly journals A Simple RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Omeprazole in Human Serum and Urine: Validation and Application in Pharmacokinetic Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Jafreen Jamal Joti ◽  
Md Ashik Ullah ◽  
Ahasanul Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Serum And Urine ◽  
Serum And Urine Samples

A Simple RP-HPLC method with UV detection has been validated to determine omeprazole concentrations in human serum and urine samples. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 7.2 ± 0.05; 0.2 M) and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min through the C-8 column at room temperature. Peaks were monitored by UV absorbance at 302 nm at a sensitivity of 0.0001. The developed method was selective and linear for omeprazole concentrations ranging between 5 to 1000ng/ml for serum samples and 1 to 100μg/ml for urine samples. The recovery of omeprazole ranged from 95.68 to 99% and 95.54 to 99.8% for the serum and urine samples respectively. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of omeprazole was 5 ng/ml. The intraday accuracy ranged from 93.54 to 104.38% and 100.55 to 103.48% for the serum and urine respectively. The interday accuracy varied from 97.61 to 113.95% and 97.42 to 109.97% for the serum and urine respectively. For the LOQ, good values of precision (6.03 and 10.13% for intraday and interday, respectively) were also obtained. Acceptable results were obtained during stability study. This method proved to be simple, accurate and precise for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of omeprazole. Key words: Omeprazole; RP-HPLC; Method validation. DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v8i2.6026 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 8(2): 123-130, 2009 (December)

A New Indicator for the Chelometric Measurement of Calcium in Serum and Urine

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Catledge ◽  
Homer G Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Flame Photometry ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
End Point ◽  
Copper Phosphate ◽  
Distinct Color ◽  
Serum And Urine ◽  
Serum And Urine Samples

Abstract Hydroxy Naphthol Blue as a metallochromic indicator in the chelometric measurement of calcium with EDTA provides a very distinct color change at the end-point in the titration of aqueous solutions, serum, and urine samples. Iron, magnesium, copper, phosphate, and bilirubin in concentrations normally encountered in serum and urine did not interfere with the reaction of the indicator. The results obtained with this indicator were not statistically different from those of serum samples analyzed by flame photometry or urine samples analyzed chelometrically with Cal-Red as the indicator.

scholarly journals Pediatric Neurocysticercosis: Usefulness of Antibody Response in Cysticidal Treatment Follow-Up

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Subba Rao Atluri ◽  
Venkateswara Reddy Gogulamudi ◽  
Pratibha Singhi ◽  
Niranjan Khandelwal ◽  
Lakshmana Swamy Parasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Molecular Mass ◽  
Serum And Urine ◽  
Serum And Urine Samples ◽  
Antigenic Fraction

Serum and urine samples were collected from 33 NCC patients before the albendazole treatment, 3–6 and 12 months PT. At 3 months PT, 24 (72.7%) patients had no detectable CT/MRI lesions and 9 (27.2%) patients had persistent lesions. Antibody response to crude soluble extract (CSE), excretory secretory (ES), and lower molecular mass (LMM) (10–30 KDa) antigenic fraction ofT. soliumcysticerci was detected in serum and urine samples by ELISA. Before the treatment, out of 33 NCC children, 14 (42.4%), 22 (66.6%), and 11 (33.3%) serum samples were found positive with the use of CSE, ES, and LMM antigen, respectively. At 3–6 months PT, positivity rate was 5 (15.1%), 2 (6%), and 4 (12.1%) and at 12 months PT, positivity rate was 5 (15.1%), 0, and 3 (9%) with the use of CSE, ES, and LMM antigen, respectively. There was no significant difference in the positivity with the use of three antigens in pretreatment and PT urine samples. The study suggests that the use of ES antigen to detect antibody in serum samples may serve better purpose to evaluate the therapeutic response in patients with NCC.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of BK and JC Viruses Circulating among Potential Kidney Donors in Kuwait

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassim Chehadeh ◽  
Susan Silpi Kurien ◽  
Mangalathillam Raman Nampoory
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Kidney Donation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Kidney Donors ◽  
Subtype 3 ◽  
Serum And Urine ◽  
Serum And Urine Samples

BK and JC polyomaviruses can be associated with nephropathy following renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, load, and genotypes of BK and JC viruses circulated in potential kidney donors in Kuwait. The detection of polyomavirus DNA was carried out in serum and urine samples of 165 potential kidney donors. Seventy (42%) individuals were tested positive for polyomavirus DNA, of whom 20 (12%) had detectable polyomavirus DNA in their serum samples, 40 (24%) in their urine samples, and 10 (6%) in both serum and urine samples. In the group of polyomavirus-positive patients, JC DNA could be detected in 78% of urine samples and 11% of serum samples, whereas BK DNA could be detected in 7% of urine samples and 3% of serum samples. The median polyomaviral load was low. The detected BK sequences in Kuwaiti adults formed new clusters sharing common ancestor with subgroups Ib1 and IVc, which are prevalent in Asia and Europe. Additionally, around half of the detected JCV sequences in Kuwaiti adults formed new clusters within the African subtype 3. Our results suggest high rate of polyomavirus shedding among healthy adults in Kuwait that can jeopardize their suitability for kidney donation.

Addressing the standardisation of internal standards and preservative used in human bio fluids for NMR analysis: a method optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimatuzzahra’ Abd Aziz ◽  
Baharudin Ibrahim ◽  
Vikneswaran Murugaiyah ◽  
Azmi Sarriff
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Considerable Saving ◽  
Serum And Urine ◽  
Serum And Urine Samples

Abstract Objectives A database comprising multivariate data in developing a model from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis using human bio fluids are necessary to have reproducibility and reliability of the data. To achieve reproducibility of the data, standardised experiments, including internal standard and preservative used should be attained, especially for samples such as human bio fluids to hinder the variation among samples. The aim of the study was to optimise in commonly used human bio fluids (serum and urine) for a suitable internal standard and preservative used in extended storage samples for NMR analysis. Methods Serum and urine samples were collected from healthy human subjects. The experiment was divided into two parts, part one to evaluate 2,2,2,2-tetradeutero-4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentanoic acid (TSP) and 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-ammonium trifluoroacetate (DSA) as the optimal internal standard for the serum and urine samples. The second part investigated the effects of preservatives in the serum and urine samples on extended storage. Results Overall, TSP and DSA are suitable to be used as an internal standard in human urine samples. However, DSA is a superior internal standard in serum samples for NMR analysis. For the effect of preservative, the results indicated that human serum and urine samples could be stored without addition of preservative in −80 °C, as no changes in NMR fingerprinting have been observed during storage in the absence or presence of the preservative. Conclusions The findings suggest the use of DSA and TSP as an internal standard in serum and urine samples, respectively. Storage of serum and urine samples without any addition of preservative for an extended period has no effect on the metabolites changes. By having a standardised method, it will offer a considerable saving in both operator and spectrometer time and most importantly produce reproducible and reliable data.

Cocaine and benzoylecgonine in saliva, serum, and urine

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Schramm ◽  
P A Craig ◽  
R H Smith ◽  
G E Berger
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Matched Samples ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract We studied the feasibility of using saliva to detect cocaine and benzoylecgonine. Saliva was collected as an ultrafiltrate directly in the mouth with an osmotic device. We analyzed by immunoassay matched samples of urine, blood, and salivary ultrafiltrate from 69 patients who had used cocaine within 24 h of sample collection. Cocaine concentrations were 4.9 times higher in saliva than in serum; benzoylecgonine concentrations were 2.5 times higher in serum. Seven urine and two serum samples had undetectable concentrations of cocaine, but all 69 saliva samples were positive for the drug. For benzoylecgonine detection, all urine samples were positive and three serum and one saliva sample were negative. We also analyzed 43 samples of saliva by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: all were positive for benzoylecgonine, whereas 40 were positive for cocaine. We conclude that simultaneous measurement of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in saliva is suitable in screening for recent cocaine use.

Detection of hydatid-specific antibodies in the serum and urine for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in patients from the Kashmir Valley, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chirag ◽  
B.A. Fomda ◽  
A. Khan ◽  
A.A. Malik ◽  
G.N. Lone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urine And Serum ◽  
Serum And Urine ◽  
Serum And Urine Samples

AbstractSerological diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is usually made by detecting specific antibodies in serum samples. However, collection of blood samples is difficult and may be hazardous and unsafe. Thus, it is important to assess alternative simple methods of sampling body fluids that give similar results. Saliva and urine have been suggested as possible alternatives to detect specific antibodies for the diagnosis of various diseases. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previously published study regarding the detection of CE-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclass antibodies (IgG1–4) in urine. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the value of hydatid-specific antibodies of IgG, IgM, IgE and IgG subclass in urine and serum samples for the diagnosis of CE. Serum and urine samples of 41 surgically confirmed patients of CE, 40 patients with other diseases and 16 healthy subjects were included in the study. CE-specific total IgG, IgE and IgG4 in sera and total IgG, IgG4 and IgG1 in the urine of CE patients were the most important specific antibodies for the diagnosis of CE. However, total IgG usually persists for an extended period and has a very high cross-reactivity. The diagnostic sensitivity of hydatid-specific IgM in serum and urine samples was very low and therefore cannot be used as a diagnostic marker. There was no significant difference between IgG1 and IgG4 in serum and urine and both showed the best correlation for the diagnosis of CE. These considerations suggest that detection of antibodies in urine could provide a new approach in the diagnosis of CE.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document