scholarly journals Molecular biological xxxmethods in diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1476-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J Worman
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tremendous Impact

Abstract Molecular biology is making a tremendous impact on the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Methods such as the polymerase chain reaction are changing the way physicians diagnose and monitor patients with viral hepatitis. Assays based on recombinant protein antigens allow for detection of specific autoantibodies in diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis. The diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases, such as hemochromatosis and Wilson disease, is being revolutionized by discovery of the defective genes involved and the development of methods to rapidly sequence DNA and identify mutations. Treatments and preventive measures are now possible with use of drugs and vaccines produced by recombinant DNA technology. Gene therapy and nucleic acid-based therapeutics are also realistic future treatment options for individuals with liver diseases.

The Status of Acellular Pertussis Vaccines: Current Perspective

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Acellular Vaccines

Clinical studies of component ("acellular") pertussis vaccines have been undertaken in recent years, and several acellular vaccines have been used in Japan for 10 years. The Committee has reviewed these trials and related data and herein provides its assessment regarding the current status of the acellular vaccines and their possible use in the United States. The pertussis vaccines in current use in the United States are prepared from whole cells of a strain of Bordetella pertussis that is grown in broth medium, harvested by centrifugation, and killed or partially detoxified by heat or by the addition of a chemical agent, such as thimerosal, or by a combination of these methods. In contrast, the acellular vaccines developed in Japan and used in that country since 1981 contain one or more antigens derived from biologically active components of the B pertussis organism.1 An inactivated form of lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF), also known as pertussis toxin and a variety of other synonyms, is a frequent component of acellular pertussis vaccines, as are filamentous hemagglutinins (FHA). Other constituents included in acellular vaccines are agglutinogens, a term denoting a variety of protein antigens on the surface of the B pertussis organism. Of the agglutinogens, a 69-kd outer membrane protein, when injected into neonatal mice, protects against B pertussis challenge.2 Acellular vaccines also have recently been derived from mutant pertussis toxin molecules prepared with recombinant DNA technology.3 The acellular vaccines produced in Japan have been classified into two types: B type, which contains LPF and FHA in roughly equal amounts; and T type, which contains mostly FHA but some LPF and agglutinogens.1,4

scholarly journals Inclusiveness, Effectiveness and Intrusiveness: Issues in the Developing Uses of DNA Profiling in Support of Criminal Investigations

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Williams ◽  
Paul Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Forensic Dna Profiling ◽  
Genetic Science

Current methods of forensic DNA profiling (known also as DNA fingerprinting and DNA typing), based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifications of a varying number of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci found at different locations on the human genome, are regularly described as constituting the “gold standard for identification” in contemporary society. At a time when criminal justice systems in Europe and North America increasingly seek to utilise the epistemic authority of a variety of sciences in support of the apprehension and prosecution of suspects and offenders, genetic science and recombinant DNA technology are often singled out for particular approbation. Indeed, the development and application of DNA profiling has been widely described as the “greatest breakthrough in forensic science since fingerprinting.”Prior to the implementation of PCR based extraction and amplification methods in the 1990's, the initial uses of DNA fingerprinting (based on Multiple and Single Locus Probes) were largely confined to reactive forensic casework.

Inclusiveness, Effectiveness and Intrusiveness: Issues in the Developing Uses of DNA Profiling in Support of Criminal Investigations

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Williams ◽  
Paul Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Forensic Dna Profiling ◽  
Genetic Science ◽  
Short Tandem

Current methods of forensic DNA profiling (known also as DNA fingerprinting and DNA typing), based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifications of a varying number of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci found at different locations on the human genome, are regularly described as constituting the “gold standard for identification” in contemporary society. At a time when criminal justice systems in Europe and North America increasingly seek to utilize the epistemic authority of a variety of sciences in support of the apprehension and prosecution of suspects and offenders, genetic science and recombinant DNA technology are often singled out for particular approbation. Indeed, the development and application of DNA profiling has been widely described as the “greatest breakthrough in forensic science since fingerprinting.”

scholarly journals Cholestatic liver diseases: new targets, new therapies

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175628481878740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Santiago ◽  
Andrew R. Scheinberg ◽  
Cynthia Levy
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Emerging Treatments ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatments ◽  
End Stage

Cholestatic liver diseases result from gradual destruction of bile ducts, accumulation of bile acids and self-perpetuation of the inflammatory process leading to damage to cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. If left untreated, cholestasis will lead to fibrosis, biliary cirrhosis, and ultimately end-stage liver disease. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are the two most common chronic cholestatic liver diseases affecting adults, and their etiologies remain puzzling. While treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has significantly improved outcomes and prolonged transplant-free survival for patients with PBC, treatment options for UDCA nonresponders remain limited. Furthermore, there is no available medical therapy for PSC. With recent advances in molecular biochemistry specifically related to bile acid regulation and understanding of immunologic pathways, novel pharmacologic treatments have emerged. In this review, we discuss the standard of care and emphasize the various emerging treatments for PBC and PSC.

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