scholarly journals Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Liver and Adipose Tissues as Postmortem Markers for Ethanol Intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raneem O Salem ◽  
Majed A Refaai ◽  
Joanne E Cluette-Brown ◽  
Joshua W Russo ◽  
Michael Laposata
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethanol Ingestion ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are nonoxidative metabolites of ethanol. FAEEs are found in liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues up to 24 h after consumption of ethanol, and on that basis, they are potentially useful markers for ethanol intake. In this study with rats, we investigated the efficacy of using FAEEs in liver and in adipose tissue as postmortem markers for premortem ethanol ingestion. Methods: An animal study was conducted in which test rats received injections of ethanol and control rats received injections of normal saline. The rats were killed 2 h after the injections. The bodies of the animals were stored at 4 °C up to 12 h, and samples of liver and adipose tissues were collected at different time intervals and processed for FAEE quantification. In another set of experiments, the rats received injections and were killed as described above, but bodies of animals from both groups were stored at 4, 25, or 37 °C for up to 72 h, and liver samples were collected and processed for FAEE quantification. Results: FAEEs were detected up to 12 h after death in liver and adipose tissue samples from the bodies of ethanol-treated animals stored at 4 °C; negligible amounts were detected in the bodies of animals that received normal saline. Adipose tissues contained higher amounts of FAEEs than liver, as well as more species: eight FAEE species in adipose tissue and five in liver tissue. Higher concentrations of FAEEs were detected in livers of treated animals stored at 25 °C for up to 48 h than in livers of controls stored under the same conditions. Conclusions: For at least 12 h after death, FAEEs in liver and adipose tissues are useful postmortem markers of premortem ethanol ingestion.

scholarly journals Liver and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Obtained at Autopsy Are Postmortem Markers for Premortem Ethanol Intake

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed A Refaai ◽  
Phan N Nguyen ◽  
Thora S Steffensen ◽  
Richard J Evans ◽  
Joanne E Cluette-Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethanol Ingestion ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract Background: Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are nonoxidative ethanol metabolites that have been implicated as mediators of alcohol-induced organ damage. FAEEs are detectable in the blood after ethanol ingestion, and on that basis have been proposed as markers of ethanol intake. Because blood is not always available at autopsy, in this study we quantified FAEEs in human liver and adipose tissue as potential postmortem markers of premortem ethanol intake. Methods: Twenty-four sets of samples were collected at the Massachusetts State Medical Examiner’s Office, and 7 sets of samples were obtained from the Pathology Department of Massachusetts General Hospital. Samples of liver and adipose tissue were collected at autopsy, and FAEEs were isolated and quantified from these organs as mass per gram of wet weight. Postmortem analysis of blood involved assessment for ethanol and other drugs. Results: The study shows a substantial difference in FAEE concentrations in liver and adipose tissue of patients with detectable blood ethanol at the time of autopsy vs those with no detectable blood ethanol, who were either chronic alcoholics or social drinkers. In addition, a specific FAEE, ethyl arachidonate, was found at concentrations >200 pmol/g almost exclusively in the liver and adipose tissue of individuals with detectable blood ethanol at the time of death, providing an additional FAEE-related marker for prior ethanol intake. Conclusions: The mass of FAEEs in liver and adipose tissue and the presence of ethyl arachidonate can serve as postmortem markers of premortem ethanol intake when no blood sample can be obtained.

Rapid in vivo hydrolysis of fatty acid ethyl esters, toxic nonoxidative ethanol metabolites

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. G184-G190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saghir ◽  
J. Werner ◽  
M. Laposata
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethanol Ingestion ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), esterification products of fatty acids and ethanol, are in use as fatty acid supplements, but they also have been implicated as toxic mediators of ethanol ingestion. We hypothesized that hydrolysis of orally ingested FAEE occurs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and in the blood to explain their apparent lack of toxicity. To study the in vivo inactivation of FAEE by hydrolysis to free fatty acids and ethanol, we assessed the hydrolysis of FAEE administered as an oil directly into the rat stomach and when injected within the core of low-density lipoprotein particles into the circulation of rats. Our studies demonstrate that FAEE are rapidly degraded to free fatty acids and ethanol in the GI tract at the level of the duodenum with limited hydrolysis in the stomach. In addition, FAEE are rapidly degraded in the circulation, with a half-life of only 58 s. Thus the degradation of FAEE in the GI tract and in the blood provides an explanation for the apparent lack of toxicity of orally ingested FAEE.

Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters: Ethanol Metabolites That Reflect Ethanol Intake

2003 ◽  
Vol 119 (0) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt L. Soderberg ◽  
Raneem O. Salem, MS ◽  
Catherine A. Best, MS ◽  
Joanne E. Cluette-Brown, MS ◽  
Michael Laposata, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethanol Metabolites

scholarly journals Preanalytical Variables Affecting the Quantification of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Plasma and Serum Samples

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2183-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt L Soderberg ◽  
Ewa T Sicinska ◽  
Emily Blodget ◽  
Joanne E Cluette-Brown ◽  
Paolo M Suter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Ethanol Consumption ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are cytotoxic nonoxidative ethanol metabolites produced by esterification of fatty acids and ethanol. FAEEs are detectable in blood up to 24 h after ethanol consumption. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of gender, serum or plasma triglyceride concentration, time and temperature of specimen storage, type of alcoholic beverage ingested, and the rate of ethanol consumption on FAEE concentrations in plasma or serum. Methods: For some studies, subject were recruited volunteers; in others, residual blood samples after ethanol quantification were used. FAEEs were isolated by solid-phase extraction and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results: For weight-adjusted amounts of ethanol intake, FAEE concentrations were twofold greater for men than women (P ≤0.05). Accounting for triglycerides improved the correlation between blood ethanol concentrations and FAEE concentrations for both men (from r = 0.640 to r = 0.874) and women (from r = 0.619 to r = 0.673). FAEE concentrations did not change when samples were stored at or below 4 °C, but doubled when stored at room temperature for ≥24 h. The type of alcoholic beverage and rate of consumption did not affect FAEE concentrations. Conclusion: These studies advance plasma and serum FAEE measurements closer to implementation as a clinical test for ethanol intake.

Fatty acid ethyl esters in hair: correlation with self-reported ethanol intake in 160 subjects and influence of estroprogestin therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 930-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Bertol ◽  
Ester Del Bravo ◽  
Fabio Vaiano ◽  
Francesco Mari ◽  
Donata Favretto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters
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