scholarly journals Dispersal patterns in Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wancai Xia ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Dali Wang ◽  
Xiaoqin Zeng ◽  
Chan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Living ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Secondary Dispersal ◽  
Male Dispersal ◽  
Female Dispersal ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Bisexual Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Events

Abstract Sex-biased dispersal is common in group-living animals. Due to differences in local demographic and environmental factors, sex-biased dispersal presents many irregular patterns. In this study, a habituated, individually-identified Yunnan snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti group was observed over 9 years; 192 dispersal events, including 97 male dispersal events (25 natal dispersal, 72 secondary dispersal) and 95 female dispersal events (34 natal dispersal, 61 secondary dispersal) were observed. Males and females showed different dispersal paths, dispersal ages and dispersal patterns. Females had two dispersal paths, while males had four paths. In terms of age of dispersal, the male age of natal dispersal was younger than for females. Males prefer single dispersal, while females prefer parallel dispersal. Our study indicates that the dispersal pattern of R. bieti should be classified as a bisexual dispersal pattern. The differences in dispersal path, average age at dispersal, and dispersal path pattern indicate that Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys may still retain a loose matrilineal social system.

Characteristics of dispersal in wolverines

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1641-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Morten Vangen ◽  
Jens Persson ◽  
Arild Landa ◽  
Roy Andersen ◽  
Peter Segerström
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Male Dispersal ◽  
Female Dispersal ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Exploratory Movements ◽  
Competition For Resources

We studied patterns of dispersal and sizes of home ranges of juvenile wolverines (Gulo gulo). Mean dispersal age was 13 months for both male (n = 11) and female (n = 9) wolverines. Females displayed more variation in dispersal age (7–26 months) than males (7–18 months). Of the animals used in the dispersal analyses, all males and 69% of females dispersed. All sedentary females (n = 4) occupied their mother's territory when she died or shifted territory, and no females dispersed from a territory vacated by their mother. Competition for resources seemed to determine the female dispersal pattern, while competition for mates seemed to explain the male dispersal pattern. Dispersal distances averaged 51 km for males and 60 km for females. However, this is likely to be an underestimation. Eight cases of exploratory movements were observed, and on average, these immediately preceded dispersal movements. The size of juvenile home ranges of males (85 km2) and females (81 km2) corresponded to the home-range area of denning females during the summer period. Wolverines have the capacity to recolonize gaps in the present distribution of the species in Scandinavia. Other factors, therefore, most likely explain the large proportion of vacant wolverine habitats.

Dispersal patterns in a regional koala population in south-east Queensland

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Dique ◽  
Jim Thompson ◽  
Harriet J. Preece ◽  
Deidré L. de Villiers ◽  
Frank N. Carrick
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Social ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Natal Home

Koala dispersal was investigated as part of a detailed ecological study of a nationally significant koala population located 20 km south-east of Brisbane, Queensland. From 1996 to 2000, 195 koalas from three sites were captured and fitted with radio-collars. A total of 40 koalas (23 males and 17 females) dispersed from these sites. Most (93%) dispersing individuals were 20–36 months of age. Three adult females (more than 36 months old) dispersed and no adult males dispersed during the study. A significantly higher proportion of young males dispersed than females. Dispersal occurred between June and December, with most dispersal of males commencing in July and August and that of females commencing between September and November prior to, and early in, the annual breeding season. The mean straight-line distance between the natal and breeding home ranges for males and females was similar and was measured at 3.5 km (range 1.1–9.7 km) and 3.4 km (range 0.3–10.6 km) respectively. Dispersing males and females tended to successfully disperse south and west of their natal home ranges and were generally unable to successfully disperse to urban areas within the study area, as a high proportion of the mortality of dispersing koalas was associated with attacks by domestic dogs and with collisions with vehicles on roads. Information from other studies indicates that most young koalas disperse from their natal areas. It is likely that the social behaviour and mating systems of koala populations provide mechanisms for young koalas to disperse. The potential role of dispersal in the dynamics of regional koala populations is discussed.

scholarly journals The effects of a national highway on the Endangered golden-brown mouse lemur Microcebus ravelobensis in Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm S. Ramsay ◽  
Andriamahery Razafindrakoto ◽  
Shawn M. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Mouse Lemur ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
North West ◽  
Mouse Lemurs ◽  
Interior Forest ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dispersal Events

AbstractAlthough roads are often assumed to be barriers to the dispersal of arboreal species, there has been little empirical testing of this assumption. If arboreal animals are unable to cross roads, population subdivision may occur, or resources may become inaccessible. We tested the hypothesis that Route Nationale 4 (RN4), a paved highway, was a barrier to movement and dispersal of the Endangered golden-brown mouse lemur Microcebus ravelobensis in Ankarafantsika National Park, in north-west Madagascar. During June–August 2015 we conducted a capture–mark–recapture study at three sites: two adjacent to RN4 and one within intact forest without a potential barrier. During 2,294 trap nights we captured 120 golden-brown mouse lemurs 1,032 times. In roadside habitats we captured significantly more males than females, whereas the opposite was the case in interior forest habitat. We detected eighteen crossings of highway transects by nine individuals; however, all potential dispersal events involved males. In roadside habitat, movement was significantly inhibited in both males and females. We present some of the first data on the effects of roads on movement patterns in arboreal Malagasy mammals, showing species- and sex-biased effects of roads as dispersal barriers. Our findings indicate that roads may not be complete barriers to dispersal in lemurs. We recommend that conservation managers and scientists examine explicitly the effects of roads and natural arboreal bridges in Madagascar in future studies.

scholarly journals Hormone-mediated dispersal and sexual maturation in males of the social paper wasp Polistes lanio

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (23) ◽  
pp. jeb226472
Author(s):  
Robin J. Southon ◽  
Andrew N. Radford ◽  
Seirian Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Paper Wasp ◽  
Social Hymenoptera ◽  
Natal Nest ◽  
Male Dispersal ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Social Species ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACTSex-biased dispersal is common in social species, but the dispersing sex may delay emigration if associated benefits are not immediately attainable. In the social Hymenoptera (ants, some bees and wasps), newly emerged males typically disperse from the natal nest whilst most females remain as philopatric helpers. However, little information exists on the mechanisms regulating male dispersal. Furthermore, the conservation of such mechanisms across the Hymenoptera and any role of sexual maturation are also relatively unknown. Through field observations and mark–recapture, we observed that males of the social paper wasp Polistes lanio emerge from pupation sexually immature, and delay dispersal from their natal nest for up to 7 days whilst undergoing sexual maturation. Delayed dispersal may benefit males by allowing them to mature in the safety of the nest and thus be more competitive in mating. We also demonstrate that both male dispersal and maturation are associated with juvenile hormone (JH), a key regulator of insect reproductive physiology and behaviour, which also has derived functions regulating social organisation in female Hymenoptera. Males treated with methoprene (a JH analogue) dispersed earlier and possessed significantly larger accessory glands than their age-matched controls. These results highlight the wide role of JH in social hymenopteran behaviour, with parallel ancestral functions in males and females, and raise new questions on the nature of selection for sex-biased dispersal.

Sapindaceae and the biogeography of eastern Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Turner
Keyword(s):  
New Guinea ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Cape York ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Dispersal Events ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Western Pacific

The biogeographic relations within eastern Australia and of this region to surrounding areas in New Guinea, West Malesia and the western Pacific are analysed using eight monophyletic groups of Sapindaceae. The results show that areas within eastern Australia are related (Cape York (Atherton Plateau + South East Queensland)), confirming similar results obtained by revious authors. The relationship between eastern Australia and surrounding areas is shown to be complex, involving both vicariance and dispersal events. There are at least two patterns connecting Australia to the West Pacific: an old vicariance (or dispersal) pattern involving the eastern end of the Inner Melanesian Arc and a more recent dispersal pattern via New Guinea involving the Outer Melanesian Arc. West Malesia is also probably connected to eastern Australia by numerous dispersal events via New Guinea. At least two patterns relate eastern Australia to New Guinea: an old vicariance pattern and a younger dispersal pattern from New Guinea back to Australia. These results are compared briefly with those obtained in earlier studies.

Female dispersal patterns in six groups of ursine colobus (Colobus vellerosus): infanticide avoidance is important

Behaviour ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 146 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 551-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Teichroeb ◽  
Eva Wikberg ◽  
Pascale Sicotte
Keyword(s):  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Colobus Vellerosus ◽  
Female Dispersal

Observations on the dispersal and survival of a population of Aedes lineatopennis (Ludlow) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kenya

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Linthicum ◽  
C. L. Bailey ◽  
F. G. Davies ◽  
A. Kairo
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Daily Survival Rate ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Female Dispersal ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractAedes lineatopennis (Ludlow) is thought to be a vector and maintenance host for Rift Valley fever virus in Kenya and perhaps other parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Immature examples are often found in tremendous numbers in restricted, low lying habitats known as dambos. A dambo in Thika District, Central Province, Kenya, was artificially flooded to simulate the conditions occurring when this area naturally floods and induces the hatch of A. lineatopennis eggs. Observations on the dispersion and survival of the emerging adult population were made at a time when no other adult A. lineatopennis populations existed. More than 10% (87 511) of the estimated A. lineatopennis adults that emerged from the flooded dambo were collected during a 45-day period. The overall mean distance travelled by males in the 45 days after emergence was only 0·07 km. Female dispersal was interrupted but generally was with the prevailing wind. The overall mean distance travelled by females in the 44 days after emergence was 0·15 km. Mortality of both males and females was independent of age. The high daily survival rate of males (0·83) was not significantly different from that of the females (0·85).

Stepping stones of life: natal dispersal in the group-living but noncooperative speckled warbler

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Gardner ◽  
Robert D. Magrath ◽  
Hanna Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Group Living ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
Stepping Stones

scholarly journals Spore Dispersal Patterns of Fusarium Circinatum on an Infected Monterey Pine Forest in North-Western Spain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloň Dvořák ◽  
Patrik Janoš ◽  
Leticia Botella ◽  
Gabriela Rotková ◽  
Rafael Zas
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Airborne Inoculum ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Forest Nurseries

The airborne inoculum of Fusarium circinatum, the fungal pathogen causing Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), is one of the main means of spread of the disease in forest stands and forest nurseries. Since this world-wide known pathogen was introduced in Europe, its biology in this newly infected area still remains scarcely known. To shed more light on this topic, we set an experiment on a naturally PPC infected forest of Monterey pine in Galicia (NW Spain) with the following two goals: (i) to describe the seasonal spore dispersal pattern during one year of regular sampling and (ii) to assess the spatial spore dispersal pattern around the infested plot. Portable rotating arm spore traps were used and complemented with meteorological measurements. The abundance of F. circinatum spores in the samples was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) with hydrolysis probe. The results showed almost permanent occurrence of the air inoculum throughout the whole year, being detected in 27 of the 30 samplings. No clear temporal trends were observed, but higher air inoculum was favoured by previous lower air temperatures and lower leaf wetness. Conversely, neither rainfall nor air humidity seemed to have any significant importance. The spatial spread of the inoculum was noted to be successful up to a distance of 1000 m in the wind direction, even with winds of just 5 m s-1. Our study shows that rotating arm spore traps combined with qPCR may be an efficient tool for F. circinatum detection.

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