scholarly journals The effect of social context and social scale on the perception of relationships in monk parakeets

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Hobson ◽  
Darlene J. John ◽  
Tiffany L. Mcintosh ◽  
Michael L. Avery ◽  
Timothy F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Monk Parakeet ◽  
Myiopsitta Monachus ◽  
Social Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agonistic Relationships

Abstract Social relationships formed within a network of interacting group members can have a profound impact on an individual’s behavior and fitness. However, we have little understanding of how individuals perceive their relationships and how this perception relates to our external measures of interactions. We investigated the perception of affiliative and agonistic relationships at both the dyadic and emergent social levels in two captive groups of monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus, n = 21 and 19) using social network analysis and playback experiments. At the dyadic social scale, individuals directed less aggression towards their strong affiliative partners and more aggression towards non-partner neighbors.At the emergent social scale, there was no association between relationships in different social contexts and an individual’s dominance rank did not correlate with its popularity rank. Playback response patterns were mainly driven by relationships in affiliative social contexts at the dyadic scale. In both groups, individual responses to playback experiments were significantly affected by strong affiliative relationships at the dyadic social scale, albeit in different directions in the two groups. Response patterns were also affected by affiliative relationships at the emergent social scale, but only in one of the two groups. Within affiliative relationships, those at the dyadic social scale were perceived by individuals in both groups, but those at the emergent social scale only affected responses in one group. These results provide preliminary evidence that relationships in affiliative social contexts may be perceived as more important than agonistic relationships in captive monk parakeet groups. Our approach could be used in a wide range of social species and comparative analyses could provide important insight into how individuals perceive relationships across social contexts and social scales.

Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus)

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F. Spreyer ◽  
Enrique H. Bucher
Keyword(s):  
Monk Parakeet ◽  
Myiopsitta Monachus

scholarly journals Fine‐scale genetic structure reflects limited and coordinated dispersal in the colonial monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca S. E. Dawson Pell ◽  
Juan Carlos Senar ◽  
Daniel W. Franks ◽  
Ben J. Hatchwell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Monk Parakeet ◽  
Myiopsitta Monachus

Substance Use and Peers During Adolescence and the Transition to Adulthood

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
John E. Schulenberg ◽  
Jennifer Maggs ◽  
Julie Maslowsky
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Wide Range

This chapter summarizes recent literature concerning the connection between peers and substance use (i.e., alcohol use, cigarette use, and illicit drug use) during adolescence and the transition to adulthood. The broad category of peers consists of a wide range of social relationships including best friends, peer groups, and crowds; important aspects include peer activities, relationships, and influence. Young people both select their friends (e.g., based on shared interests) and are influenced, or socialized, by their selected peers. When examining the dynamic periods of life that cover the transitions into, through, and out of adolescence and into the post-high school years, selection and socialization are especially important, given that many transitions involve changes in social contexts and peer relationships. The authors take a developmental perspective by focusing on the developmental transitions that occur during adolescence and the transition to adulthood and how they influence peer relations and substance use.

scholarly journals Precision Mental Health Care for Cannabis Use Disorder: Utility of a bioSocial Cognitive Theory to Inform Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Gullo ◽  
Zoë E. Papinczak ◽  
Gerald F. X. Feeney ◽  
Ross McD. Young ◽  
Jason P. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drug Refusal

Globally, cannabis is the most frequently used controlled substance after alcohol and tobacco. Rates of cannabis use are steadily increasing in many countries and there is emerging evidence that there is likely to be greater risk due to increased concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabis use and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) has been linked to a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Several biological, psychological, and social risk factors are potential targets for effective evidence-based treatments for CUD. There are no effective medications for CUD and psychological interventions are the main form of treatment. Psychological treatments based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) emphasize the importance of targeting 2 keys psychological mechanisms: drug outcome expectancies and low drug refusal self-efficacy. This mini-review summarizes the evidence on the role of these mechanisms in the initiation, maintenance, and cessation of cannabis use. It also reviews recent evidence showing how these psychological mechanisms are affected by social and biologically-based risk factors. A new bioSocial Cognitive Theory (bSCT) is outlined that integrates these findings and implications for psychological cannabis interventions are discussed. Preliminary evidence supports the application of bSCT to improve intervention outcomes through better targeted treatment.

scholarly journals Faculty Teaching Practices and Perceptions: Comparative Analysis Based on Time Spent Lecturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Gulnur Birol ◽  
Adriana Briseño-Garzón ◽  
Andrea Han
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Faculty Teaching ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The University ◽  
Classroom Time ◽  
Large Research

The University of British Columbia-Vancouver (UBC-V) implemented a campus-wide survey of faculty teaching practices and perceptions. All 11 Faculties participated, resulting in a total of 1177 responses for an overall response rate of 24%. We compared response patterns of faculty who reported spending less than 25%, between 26-50%, between 51-75%, and more than 75% of classroom time lecturing. Using this breakdown, we analysed survey responses related to in and out-of-class practices and expectations for students, use of teaching assistant time, participation in professional development opportunities, and perceptions of whether the institution valued teaching. Participants across quadrants reported employing a wide range of teaching methods irrespective of years of experience and class size. Our findings outline the range of teaching practices employed by faculty at a large research-intensive Canadian institution and may provide baseline information for institutions of similar scale and focus.

DX-8951f, a Hexacyclic Camptothecin Analog, on a Daily-Times-Five Schedule: A Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3151-3163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Rowinsky ◽  
Thomas R. Johnson ◽  
Charles E. Geyer ◽  
Lisa A. Hammond ◽  
S. Gail Eckhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Phase Ii Studies ◽  
Solid Malignancies ◽  
Wide Range

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of administering DX-8951f (exatecan mesylate), a water-soluble, camptothecin analog, as a 30-minute intravenous infusion daily for 5 days every 3 weeks, determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of DX-8951f, and seek preliminary evidence of anticancer activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with escalating doses of DX-8951f. After three patients were treated at the first dose level, doses were to be escalated in increments of 100%, using a single patient at each dose level unless moderate toxicity was observed. The MTD, defined as the highest dose level at which the incidence of dose-limiting toxicity did not exceed 20%, was calculated separately for minimally pretreated (MP) and heavily pretreated (HP) patients. The PK and excretory profiles of DX-8951, the anhydrous form of DX-8951f, were also characterized. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were treated with 130 courses of DX-8951f at six dose levels ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 mg/m2/d. Brief, noncumulative neutropenia was the most common toxicity observed. Severe myelosuppression (neutropenia that was protracted and/or associated with fever and/or severe thrombocytopenia) was consistently experienced by HP and MP patients at doses exceeding 0.3 and 0.5 mg/m2/d, respectively. Nonhematologic toxicities (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea) were also observed, but these effects were rarely severe. Objective antitumor activity included partial responses in one patient each with platinum-resistant extrapulmonary small-cell and fluoropyrimidine- and irinotecan-resistant colorectal carcinoma, and minor responses in patients with prostate, hepatocellular, thymic, primary peritoneal, and irinotecan-resistant colorectal carcinomas. The PKs of total DX-8951 were linear and well fit by a three-compartment model. CONCLUSION: The recommended doses for phase II studies of DX-8951f as a 30-minute infusion daily for 5 days every 3 weeks are 0.5 and 0.3 mg/m2/d for MP and HP patients, respectively. The characteristics of the myelosuppressive effects of DX-8951f, paucity of severe nonhematologic toxicities, and antitumor activity against a wide range of malignancies warrant broad disease-directed evaluations of DX-8951f on this schedule.

scholarly journals Geographic Variation in Contact Calls of Feral North American Populations of the Monk Parakeet

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susannah C. Buhrman-Deever ◽  
Amy R. Rappaport ◽  
Jack W. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Learning Preferences ◽  
Founder Effects ◽  
Contact Call ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Monk Parakeet ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Myiopsitta Monachus ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Contact Calls

Abstract Introduced feral populations offer a unique opportunity to study the effects of social interaction and founder effects on the development of geographic variation in learned vocalizations. Introduced populations of Monk Parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) have been growing in number since the 1970s, with a mixture of isolated and potentially interacting populations. We surveyed diversity in contact calls of Monk Parakeet populations in Connecticut, Texas, Florida, and Louisiana. Contact call structure differed significantly among the isolated populations in each state. Contact call structure also differed significantly among potentially interacting nest colonies in coastal Connecticut, and these differences did not follow a geographic gradient. Limited dispersal distances, founder effects, and social learning preferences may play a role in call structure differences.

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