Written Language Outcomes of Deaf Elementary Students Engaged in Authentic Writing

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-238
Author(s):  
Kimberly A Wolbers ◽  
Hannah M Dostal ◽  
David Cihak ◽  
Leala Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Interactive Writing ◽  
Authentic Writing ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Written Language Development ◽  
Systematic Identification ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study explores the impact of Strategic and Interactive Writing Instruction (SIWI) on six students’ written language skills through the application of a multiple-baseline probe single case design with embedded condition. This was part of a larger Institute of Education Sciences (IES)-funded project focused on the development and feasibility of implementation of SIWI. For the majority of skills analyzed, there were improvements in the mean level of performance with the implementation of SIWI, as well as more consistent responding and positive trends in the data. The study also revealed that teachers are in need of additional tools to aid the systematic identification and tracking of syntax skills in children’s written language development, and to distinguish these from other writing skills such as conventions or handwriting.

scholarly journals Strategic and Interactive Writing Instruction: An Efficacy Study in Grades 3-5

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Wolbers ◽  
Hannah Dostal ◽  
Steve Graham ◽  
Lee Branum-Martin ◽  
Jennifer Kilpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Writing Instruction ◽  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Persuasive Writing ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Interactive Writing ◽  
Usual Condition ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Language Needs ◽  
The Impact

A quasi-experimental study was conducted to examine the impact of Strategic and Interactive Writing Instruction on 3rd-5th grade deaf and hard of hearing students’ writing and written language compared to a business-as-usual condition (treatment group N = 41, comparison group N = 22). A total of 18 hours of instruction was provided for each of two types of writing—personal narrative and persuasive. Writing samples, collected prior to instruction and after, were scored for writing traits, written language accuracy, and complexity. Data were analyzed using a two-level, mixed-effects regression. Results show the treatment to be effective for personal narrative and persuasive writing traits, and personal narrative written language variables, with effect sizes ranging from 0.46 to 2.01. Treatment effects were also substantial for persuasive writing written language outcomes (0.38 to 1.06), although not all were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The findings suggest the importance of apprenticeship in writing and consideration for the specific language needs of students with hearing loss. 

scholarly journals Overcoming reading comprehension difficulties through a prosodic reading intervention: A single-case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Calet ◽  
M. Carmen Pérez-Morenilla ◽  
Macarena De los Santos-Roig
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Reading Intervention ◽  
Reading Interventions ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Repeated Reading ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
The Impact

Apart from speed and accuracy, prosody has recently been included as another component of skilled reading, as its role in reading comprehension is being increasingly recognized. Prosodic reading refers to the use of prosodic features of language during reading, including suitable pauses, stress and intonation and appropriate phrasing. The aim of this research was to examine the impact of a prosodic reading intervention on the reading comprehension of a fourth-grade primary child with specific reading comprehension difficulties. An AB single-case design was used with baseline (A) and treatment (B) phases. The intervention, in 17 sessions, was based on repeated reading with a focus on expressiveness. Results pointed to improved reading fluency and reading comprehension scores over baseline scores. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to show conclusive evidence for improved comprehension as a result of prosody intervention. The implications of prosodic reading interventions for literacy development are discussed.

Volitional Change in Children With Autism: A Single-Case Design Study of the Impact of Hippotherapy on Motivation

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee R. Taylor ◽  
Gary Kielhofner ◽  
Caitlin Smith ◽  
Sherri Butler ◽  
Susan M. Cahill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Design Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

Estimating the Impact of Design Standards on the Rigor of a Subset of Single-Case Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 104420732093404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin Shepley ◽  
Kathleen N. Zimmerman ◽  
Kevin M. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Case Research ◽  
What Works ◽  
What Works Clearinghouse ◽  
Single Case Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

The implementation of research-based practices by teachers in public school classrooms is required under federal law as expressed in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004. To aid teachers in identifying such practices, researchers conduct systematic reviews of the educational literature. Although recent attention has been given to changes in the quality of these reviews, there has been minimal discussion about changes in the quality of the studies that comprise them. Specifically, to what extent have educational policies leading to the creation of experimental design standards resulted in a change in the rigor of educational research? Using a subset of the single-case literature commonly published in special education journals, we estimate the impact of What Works Clearinghouse single-case design standards on the trend in the rigor of single-case studies using a comparative interrupted time series framework. Within this subset of single-case studies, our estimation strategy did not detect a change in the trend of the rigor of single-case research following the establishment of What Works Clearinghouse single-case design standards. Implications are discussed for practitioners and researchers. Study data, syntax, and supplemental materials are available for public use at https://osf.io/xp7wv/.

Understanding individual differences in response to Self-Practice and Self-Reflection (SP/SR) during CBT training

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Chaddock ◽  
Richard Thwaites ◽  
James Bennett-Levy ◽  
Mark H. Freeston
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Experiential Training ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

AbstractSelf-Practice/Self-Reflection (SP/SR) has been developed as a self-experiential training strategy to enhance CBT therapists’ skills. SP/SR gives therapists an experience of CBT through practising CBT techniques on themselves, and reflecting on the experience and its implications for clinical practice. Many practitioners report significant professional and personal gains from SP/SR; however, there is considerable individual variation. This study examined individual experiences of SP/SR in order to develop a better understanding of idiosyncratic variations in participants’ approaches to SP/SR, and to inform the design and implementation of future SP/SR programmes. A single-case design was employed to examine the experiences of four trainee cognitive-behaviour therapists who were undertaking SP/SR as part of their professional training in CBT. Quantitative data from self-ratings of skill, and qualitative data from participants’ reflections and attributions following completion of SP/SR were examined. Both the participants, and two additional reviewers were consulted in the interpretation of the results. The impact of SP/SR appeared specific to each participant, reflecting different ways that participants engaged with SP/SR materials. The study suggests that for optimal development, engagement of the personal self and therapist self may be required.

Impact of School from Home in Teaching and Learning English for Young Learners

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Effinaftalia Thisa Gracia Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Single Case ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Learning English

The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of school from home in teaching and learning English for young learners. This study employed a case study approach, which is an embedded single-case design. A set of questionnaires was distributed to twelve young learners in the fourth grade of an elementary school in Singaraja and one English teacher. The young learners in this study were selected with purposive sampling, where participants were selected based on their parents' and teachers’ consent. Furthermore, an interview was also conducted with one English teacher from an elementary school in Singaraja to obtain the supplementary data. The findings indicate that the impact of school from home in teaching and learning English had some positive and negative impacts. Therefore, this study ends with suggestions for teachers and parents during school from home.

A Systematic Review of the Evidence Base for Active Supervision in Pre-K–12 Settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Grant Edmund Allen ◽  
Eric Alan Common ◽  
Kathryn A. Germer ◽  
Kathleen Lynne Lane ◽  
Mark Matthew Buckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
K 12 ◽  
The Impact

Active supervision is a proactive, low-intensity strategy to minimize challenging behaviors and increase desired behaviors. To examine the evidence base of this strategy, we applied the Council for Exceptional Children’s (CEC) Standards for Evidence-Based Practices in Special Education to the body of research exploring the impact of active supervision with Pre-K–12 students in traditional school settings. In this systematic literature review, we identified seven peer-reviewed, single-case design, treatment-outcome studies meeting inclusion criteria. All studies met a ≥80% weighted criterion of CEC’s quality indicators. These seven studies included 15 cases aggregated at the school, classroom, or grade level, collectively involving 1,686 participants. Three studies included three or more cases and demonstrated positive effects across primary dependent variables (with one study showing neutral effects on a secondary dependent variable). Based on available evidence and using CEC criteria, we determined active supervision to be a potentially evidence-based practice. We discuss implications, limitations, and future directions.

Evaluating Tau-U With Oral Reading Fluency Data and the Impact of Measurement Error

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Klingbeil ◽  
Ethan R. Van Norman ◽  
Katherine E. McLendon ◽  
Sarah G. Ross ◽  
John C. Begeny
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

Recently, researchers have argued that using quantitative effect sizes in single-case design (SCD) research may facilitate the identification evidence-based practices. Indices to quantify nonoverlap are among the most common methods for quantifying treatment effects in SCD research. Tau-U represents a family of effect size indices that were developed to address criticisms of previously developed measures of nonoverlap. However, more research is necessary to determine the extent to which Tau-U successfully addresses proposed limitations of other nonoverlap methods. This study evaluated Tau-U effect sizes, derived from multiple-baseline designs, where researchers used curriculum-based measures of reading (CBM-R) to measure reading fluency. Specifically, we evaluated the distribution of the summary Tau-U statistic when applied to a large set of CBM-R data and assessed how the variability inherent in CBM-R data may influence the obtained Tau-U values. Findings suggest that the summary Tau-U statistic may be susceptible to ceiling effects. Moreover, the results provide initial evidence that error inherent in CBM-R scores may have a small but meaningful influence on the obtained effect sizes. Implications and recommendations for research and practice are discussed.

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