Neutral Indirect Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi on a Specialist Insect Herbivore

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Laird ◽  
John F. Addicott
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Specialist Insect

Plant-mediated indirect effects of climate change on an insect herbivore

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 100-113
Author(s):  
Josephine Kuczyk ◽  
Caroline Müller ◽  
Klaus Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Insect Herbivore

scholarly journals Specialist Insect Herbivore and Light Availability Do Not Interact in the Evolution of an Invasive Plant

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0139234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijie Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyun Pan ◽  
Ziyan Zhang ◽  
Kate S. He ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Specialist Insect

Advantages of a mixed diet: feeding on several foliar age classes increases the performance of a specialist insect herbivore

Oecologia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaétan Moreau ◽  
Dan T. Quiring ◽  
Eldon S. Eveleigh ◽  
Éric Bauce
Keyword(s):  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Specialist Insect

scholarly journals Climate Change and Local Host Availability Drive the Northern Range Boundary in the Rapid Expansion of a Specialist Insect Herbivore, Papilio cresphontes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Keaton Wilson ◽  
Nicolas Casajus ◽  
Rebecca A. Hutchinson ◽  
Kent P. McFarland ◽  
Jeremy T. Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Specialist Insect ◽  
Community Science ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Species distributions, abundance, and interactions have always been influenced by human activity and are currently experiencing rapid change. Biodiversity benchmark surveys traditionally require intense human labor inputs to find, identify, and record organisms limiting the rate and impact of scientific enquiry and discovery. Recent emergence and advancement of monitoring technologies have improved biodiversity data collection to a scale and scope previously unimaginable. Community science web platforms, smartphone applications, and technology assisted identification have expedited the speed and enhanced the volume of observational data all while providing open access to these data worldwide. How to integrate and leverage the data into valuable information on how species are changing in space and time requires new best practices in computational and analytical approaches. Here we integrate data from three community science repositories to explore how a specialist herbivore distribution changes in relation to host plant distributions and other environmental factors. We generate a series of temporally explicit species distribution models to generate range predictions for a specialist insect herbivore (Papilio cresphontes) and three predominant host-plant species. We find that this insect species has experienced rapid northern range expansion, likely due to a combination of the range of its larval host plants and climate changes in winter. This case study shows rapid data collection through large scale community science endeavors can be leveraged through thoughtful data integration and transparent analytic pipelines to inform how environmental change impacts where species are and their interactions for a more cost effective method of biodiversity benchmarking.

scholarly journals Plant defense resistance in natural enemies of a specialist insect herbivore

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (46) ◽  
pp. 23174-23181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Cong van Doan ◽  
Carla C. M. Arce ◽  
Lingfei Hu ◽  
Sandra Gruenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Specialist Insect

Plants defend themselves against herbivores through the production of toxic and deterrent metabolites. Adapted herbivores can tolerate and sometimes sequester these metabolites, allowing them to feed on defended plants and become toxic to their own enemies. Can herbivore natural enemies overcome sequestered plant defense metabolites to prey on adapted herbivores? To address this question, we studied how entomopathogenic nematodes cope with benzoxazinoid defense metabolites that are produced by grasses and sequestered by a specialist maize herbivore, the western corn rootworm. We find that nematodes from US maize fields in regions in which the western corn rootworm was present over the last 50 y are behaviorally and metabolically resistant to sequestered benzoxazinoids and more infective toward the western corn rootworm than nematodes from other parts of the world. Exposure of a benzoxazinoid-susceptible nematode strain to the western corn rootworm for 5 generations results in higher behavioral and metabolic resistance and benzoxazinoid-dependent infectivity toward the western corn rootworm. Thus, herbivores that are exposed to a plant defense sequestering herbivore can evolve both behavioral and metabolic resistance to plant defense metabolites, and these traits are associated with higher infectivity toward a defense sequestering herbivore. We conclude that plant defense metabolites that are transferred through adapted herbivores may result in the evolution of resistance in herbivore natural enemies. Our study also identifies plant defense resistance as a potential target for the improvement of biological control agents.

Associational effects of plant ontogeny on damage by a specialist insect herbivore

Oecologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-602
Author(s):  
Olivia L. Cope ◽  
Zoe Becker ◽  
Paul J. Ode ◽  
Ryan L. Paul ◽  
Ian S. Pearse
Keyword(s):  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Plant Ontogeny ◽  
Associational Effects ◽  
Specialist Insect

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis Suggests Differing Indirect Effects of Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Plant Pathogens on the Natural Enemies of Insect Herbivores

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Ussawit Srisakrapikoop ◽  
Tara J. Pirie ◽  
Mark D. E. Fellowes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

Indirect effects are ubiquitous in nature, and have received much attention in terrestrial plant–insect herbivore–enemy systems. In such tritrophic systems, changes in plant quality can have consequential effects on the behavior and abundance of insect predators and parasitoids. Plant quality as perceived by insect herbivores may vary for a range of reasons, including because of infection by plant pathogens. However, plant diseases vary in their origin (viral, bacterial or fungal) and as a result may have differing effects on plant physiology. To investigate if the main groups of plant pathogens differ in their indirect effects on higher trophic levels, we performed a meta-analysis using 216 measured responses from 29 primary studies. There was no overall effect of plant pathogens on natural enemy traits as differences between pathogen types masked their effects. Infection by fungal plant pathogens showed indirect negative effects on the performance and preference of natural enemies via both chewing and piercing-sucking insect herbivore feeding guilds. Infection by bacterial plant pathogens had a positive effect on the natural enemies (parasitoids) of chewing herbivores. Infection by viral plant pathogens showed no clear effect, although parasitoid preference may be positively affected by their presence. It is important to note that given the limited volume of studies to date on such systems, this work should be considered exploratory. Plant pathogens are very common in nature, and tritrophic systems provide an elegant means to examine the consequences of indirect interactions in ecology. We suggest that further studies examining how plant pathogens affect higher trophic levels would be of considerable value.

scholarly journals Underground friends or enemies: model plants help to unravel direct and indirect effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant competition

2010 ◽  
Vol 185 (4) ◽  
pp. 1050-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Facelli ◽  
Sally E. Smith ◽  
José M. Facelli ◽  
Helle M. Christophersen ◽  
F. Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects
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