Contribution of Larvae Developing on Corn and Dry Beans to the Adult Population of Western Bean Cutworm in Michigan

Abstract The western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is historically a pest of both corn (Zea mays L. (Poales: Poaceae)) and dry beans (Phaseolus sp. L. (Fabales: Fabaceae)) in the western Great Plains. However, it has recently undergone an eastward range expansion establishing itself across the Corn Belt in 25 states and 4 Canadian provinces. To mitigate the effects of infestation in Michigan, foliar insecticides are used in dry beans, whereas management of the pest in corn relies more heavily on the use of Bt-expressing hybrids. In this study stable carbon isotope analysis was used to determine what crop adult moths developed on as larvae with analysis showing that very few of the adult moths developed on dry beans. These results suggest that beans and corn are not suitable as co-refuges and that mainly adults which developed on corn are contributing to the next generation of western bean cutworm in Michigan.

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Contribution of larvae developing on corn and dry beans to the adult population of western bean cutworm in Michigan

10.1101/2020.06.19.162016 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dakota C. Bunn ◽

Eduardo Dias de Oliveira ◽

Frederick Springborn ◽

Miquel A. Gonzalez-Meler ◽

Nicholas Miller

Keyword(s):

Great Plains ◽

Adult Population ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope ◽

Isotope Analysis ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis ◽

Western Bean Cutworm ◽

Canadian Provinces ◽

Western Great Plains ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is historically a pest of both corn (Zea mays L.) and dry beans (Phaseolus sp L.) in the western Great Plains. However, it has recently undergone an eastward range expansion establishing itself across the Corn Belt in twenty-five states and four Canadian provinces. To mitigate the effects of infestation in Michigan, foliar insecticides are used in dry beans whereas management of the pest in corn relies more heavily on the use of Bt-expressing hybrids. In this study stable carbon isotope analysis was used to determine what crop adult moths developed on as larvae with analysis showing that very few of the adult moths developed on dry beans. These results suggest that beans and corn are not suitable as co-refuges and that mainly adults which developed on corn are contributing to the next generation of western bean cutworm in Michigan.

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Ecology and Management of the Western Bean Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Corn and Dry Beans—Revision With Focus on the Great Lakes Region

Journal of Integrated Pest Management ◽

10.1093/jipm/pmz025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jocelyn L Smith ◽

Christina D Difonzo ◽

Tracey S Baute ◽

Andrew P Michel ◽

Christian H Krupke

Keyword(s):

Great Lakes ◽

Great Plains ◽

Geographic Range ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Great Lakes Region ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

New Information ◽

Western Bean Cutworm ◽

Western Great Plains

Abstract The western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Smith) is a native North American pest of corn and dry beans. The historical geographic range of the western bean cutworm covered the western Great Plains states including Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming. Since 1999, the geographic range of the western bean cutworm has rapidly expanded eastward across the U.S. Corn Belt and eastern Canada, causing significant and economic damage to corn Zea mays (L.) and dry edible beans Phaseolus spp., in parts of this region. Since 2010, increasing challenges related to managing this pest in its new range prompted numerous research studies that provided new insights into the biology and management of western bean cutworm. This revision of a previous Journal of IPM profile summarizes new information regarding the ecology and biology of western bean cutworm, and discusses updated recommendations for scouting and management in corn and dry beans, with an emphasis in the expanded geographic range of the Great Lakes region.

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Stable carbon isotope analysis of coprocessing materials

10.2172/5717939 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

F. P. Burke ◽

R. A. Winschel ◽

M. S. Lancet

Keyword(s):

Carbon Isotope ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope ◽

Isotope Analysis ◽

Stable Carbon ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis ◽

Carbon Isotope Analysis

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Evidence for a winter-snowpack derived water source for the Fremont maize farmers of Range Creek Canyon, Utah, USA

The Holocene ◽

10.1177/0959683620972767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 446-456

Author(s):

Isaac Alfred Hart ◽

Joan Brenner-Coltrain ◽

Shannon Boomgarden ◽

Andrea Brunelle ◽

Larry Coats ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Carbon Isotope ◽

Isotope Analysis ◽

Summer Precipitation ◽

Water Source ◽

Sediment Geochemistry ◽

Tree Ring Chronology ◽

Wet Meadow ◽

Maize Agriculture ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis ◽

Dry Farming

We present results of multiproxy analysis of a sediment core collected from Billy Slope Meadow, a spring-fed wet meadow in Range Creek Canyon, Utah. Range Creek Canyon was the home to Fremont maize farmers between roughly 1200 and 800 cal BP (AD 750–1150). Stable carbon isotope analysis of core sediments from Billy Slope Meadow indicate the Billy Slope Meadow site was used as a field for maize agriculture during that time. Some scholars have suggested the florescence of the Fremont culture may have been driven by increased summer precipitation, which improved the economic profitability of dry farming maize. But analysis of pollen, macroscopic charcoal and sediment geochemistry from Billy Slope Meadow, and a comparison with a local tree-ring chronology indicate the Fremont period in Range Creek Canyon was probably marked by reduced summer precipitation, and not an invigorated monsoon. The Fremont maize farmers of Range Creek Canyon therefore likely used winter snowpack-derived water from Range Creek for maize agriculture. This observation has significant implications, as using creek water rather than direct precipitation and runoff necessitates the construction of dams irrigation infrastructure, limited evidence for which has been reported by archaeologists working in the Fremont region.

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