The impact of social capital on changes in smoking behaviour: a longitudinal cohort study

Abstract Purpose Depression at all ages is recognized as a global public health concern, but less is known about the welfare burden following early-life depression. This study aimed to (1) estimate the magnitude of associations between depression in adolescence and social transfer payments in adulthood; and (2) address the impact of major comorbid psychopathology on these associations. Methods This is a longitudinal cohort study of 539 participants assessed at age 16–17 using structured diagnostic interviews. An ongoing 25-year follow-up linked the cohort (n = 321 depressed; n = 218 nondepressed) to nationwide population-based registries. Outcomes included consecutive annual data on social transfer payments due to unemployment, work disability, and public assistance, spanning from age 18 to 40. Parameter estimations used the generalized estimating equations approach. Results Adolescent depression was associated with all forms of social transfer payments. The estimated overall payment per person and year was 938 USD (95% CI 551–1326) over and above the amount received by nondepressed controls. Persistent depressive disorder was associated with higher recipiency across all outcomes, whereas the pattern of findings was less clear for subthreshold and episodic major depression. Moreover, depressed adolescents presenting with comorbid anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders evidenced particularly high recipiency, exceeding the nondepressed controls with an estimated 1753 USD (95% CI 887–2620). Conclusion Adolescent depression is associated with considerable public expenditures across early-to-middle adulthood, especially for those exposed to chronic/persistent depression and psychiatric comorbidities. This finding suggests that the clinical heterogeneity of early-life depression needs to be considered from a longer-term societal perspective.

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Work-unit social capital and incident purchase of psychotropic medications: A longitudinal cohort-study of healthcare workers

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 276 ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Johan Høy Jensen ◽

Esben Meulengracht Flachs ◽

Eszter Török ◽

Naja Hulvej Rod ◽

Ida E.H. Madsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Psychotropic Medications ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Work Unit ◽

Longitudinal Cohort

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The impact of the Safer Anaesthesia from Education (SAFE) Obstetric Anaesthesia training course in Ethiopia: A mixed methods longitudinal cohort study

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x20940330 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 297-305

Author(s):

Jolene N Moore ◽

Wayne W Morriss ◽

Gebrehiwot Asfaw ◽

Gosa Tesfaye ◽

Aaliya R Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Middle Income ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Obstetric Anaesthesia ◽

The Impact

Summary Reducing maternal mortality remains a global priority, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Safer Anaesthesia from Education (SAFE) Obstetric Anaesthesia (OB) course is a three-day refresher course for trained anaesthesia providers addressing common causes of maternal mortality in LMICs. This aim of this study was to investigate the impact of SAFE training for a cohort of anaesthesia providers in Ethiopia. We conducted a mixed methods longitudinal cohort study incorporating a behavioural questionnaire, multiple-choice questionnaires (MCQs), structured observational skills tests and structured interviews for anaesthesia providers who attended one of four SAFE-OB courses conducted in two regions of Ethiopia from October 2017 to May 2018. Some 149 participants from 60 facilities attended training. Behavioural questionnaires were completed at baseline ( n = 101, 69% response rate). Pre- and post-course MCQs ( n = 121, n = 123 respectively) and pre- and post-course skills tests ( n = 123, n = 105 respectively) were completed, with repeat MCQ and skills tests, and semi-structured interviews completed at follow-up ( n = 88, n = 76, n = 49 respectively). The mean MCQ scores for all participants improved from 80.3% prior to training to 85.4% following training ( P < 0.0001) and skills test scores improved from 56.5% to 83.2% ( P < 0.0001). Improvements in MCQs and skills were maintained at follow-up 3–11 months post-training compared to baseline ( P = 0.0006, < 0.0001 respectively). Participants reported improved confidence, teamwork and communication at follow-up. This study suggests that the SAFE-OB course can have a sustained impact on knowledge and skills and can improve the confidence of anaesthesia providers and communication within surgical teams.

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At the interface of community and healthcare systems: a longitudinal cohort study on evolving health and the impact of primary healthcare from the patient's perspectiv

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/1472-6963-10-258 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jeannie Haggerty ◽

Martin Fortin ◽

Marie-Dominique Beaulieu ◽

Catherine Hudon ◽

Christine Loignon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Primary Healthcare ◽

Healthcare Systems ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

The Impact

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A prospective, longitudinal cohort study: The impact of child maltreatment on delinquency among South Korean youth in middle and high school

Child Abuse & Neglect ◽

10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 88 ◽

pp. 235-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Minhae Cho

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

South Korean ◽

Korean Youth ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

The Impact ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Cohort

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Changes in Smoking During Retirement Transition: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494818804408 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 876-884

Author(s):

Anna Pulakka ◽

Jaana I. Halonen ◽

Jaana Pentti ◽

Mika Kivimäki ◽

Jussi Vahtera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

High Intensity ◽

Latent Class ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Smoking Behaviour ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Smoking Intensity ◽

Retirement Transition

Aims: We examined the effect of retirement transition on changes in smoking, identified trajectories of smoking around the retirement transition, and investigated factors predicting the membership in the trajectories. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included 1,432 current or former smokers who entered into statutory retirement in 2000–2011 and who filled out two to four questionnaires sent at four-year intervals. Effect of retirement on smoking was analysed as a non-randomized pseudo-trial in which we compared the likelihood of quitting and relapsing smoking between two subsequent survey waves among those who retired and did not retire. We used latent class analysis to identify trajectories of smoking status and smoking intensity (low: <10 cigarettes/day or high: ⩾10 cigarettes/day), and multinomial logistic regression models to assess pre-retirement factors associated with smoking trajectories. Results: Retirement transition was associated with 1.7-fold odds of quitting smoking (95% confidence intervals 1.3−2.2) compared with no retirement transition. We identified three smoking status trajectories: ‘sustained non-smoking’ (61% of the participants), ‘sustained smoking’ (23%) and ‘decreasing smoking’ (16%). For 489 baseline smokers, we identified three smoking intensity trajectories: ‘sustained high intensity smoking’ (32% of the participants), ‘sustained low intensity smoking’ (32%) and ‘decreasing high intensity smoking’ (35%). Living outside an inner urban area predicted membership in the ‘decreasing smoking’ versus ‘sustained smoking’ trajectory. Conclusions: Smokers are more likely to quit smoking during transition to retirement than before or after it. Characteristics of the smoking environment may affect smoking behaviour around retirement.

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