scholarly journals ADDITIVE EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE SEGREGATION DISTORTER (SD) CHROMOSOMES ON SPERM DYSFUNCTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
Terrence W Lyttle
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction

scholarly journals The effect of novel chromosome position and variable dose on the genetic behavior of the Responder (Rsp) element of the Segregation distorter (SD) system of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Lyttle
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Genetic Element ◽  
Chromosome Position ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Sensitive Allele ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction ◽  
Variable Dose

Abstract In the Segregation distorter (SD) system of meiotic drive, a minimum of two trans-acting elements [Sd and E(SD)] act in concert to cause a certain probability of dysfunction for sperm carrying a sensitive allele at the Responder (Rsp) target locus. By employing a number of insertional translocations of autosomal material into the long arm of the Y chromosome, Rsp can be mapped as the most proximal locus in the 2R heterochromatin as defined both by cytology and lethal complementation tests. Several of these insertional translocations result in the transposition of Rsp to the Y chromosome, where its sensitivity remains virtually unaltered. This argues that Rsp is separable from the second chromosome centromere, that its behavior does not depend on its gross chromosomal position, and that meiotic pairing of the chromosomes carrying the various SD elements is not a prerequisite for sperm dysfunction. Several other translocations apparently leave both resulting chromosomes at least partially sensitive to SD action, suggesting that Rsp is a large subdivisible genetic element. This view is compatible with observations published elsewhere that suggest that Rsp is a cytologically large region of highly repetitive AT-rich DNA. The availability of Y-linked copies of Rsp also allows the construction of SD males carrying two independently segregating Rsp alleles; this in turn allows the production of sperm with zero, one or two Rsp copies from the same male. Examination of the relative recovery proportions of progeny arising from these gametes suggests that sperm with two Rsp copies survive at much lower frequencies than would be predicted if each Rsp acted independently in causing sperm dysfunction. Possible explanations for such behavior are discussed.

scholarly journals A MODEL OF THE NEGATIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN MALE RECOMBINATION AND TRANSMISSION FREQUENCY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-459
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction

ABSTRACT A model is proposed to account for the phenomenon of negative correlation between male recombination (θ) and transmission frequency (k) in Drosophila melanogaster. The model assumes that, in some stage or stages of development, the male recombination elements cause a particular event that does not occur in normal males and that this event, in turn, induces with certain probabilities male recombination and/or sperm dysfunction. The regression equations of θ on k predicted by the model were compared with those actually observed. There was generally excellent agreement between them.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE MEIOTIC DRIVE SYSTEMS IN THE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MALE

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
George L Gabor Miklos ◽  
Armon F Yanders ◽  
W J Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
The Other ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Drive Systems

ABSTRACT The behaviour of two "meiotic drive" systems, Segregation-Distorter (SD) and the sex chromosome sc4sc8 has been examined in the same meiocyte. It has been found that the two systems interact in a specific way. When the distorting effects of SD and sc4sc8 are against each other, there is no detectable interaction. Each system is apparently oblivious to the presence of the other, gametes being produced according to independence expectations. However when the affected chromosomes are at the same meiotic pole an interaction occurs; the survival probability of the gamete containing both distorted chromosomal products is increased, rather than being decreased by the combined action of two systems.

An Analysis of Polygenes Affecting Wing Shape on Chromosome 2 inDrosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 1045-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Weber ◽  
Robert Eisman ◽  
Shawn Higgins ◽  
Lisa Morey ◽  
April Patty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
Small Additive

AbstractGenetic effects on an index of wing shape on chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster were mapped using isogenic recombinants with transposable element markers. At least 10 genes with small additive effects are dispersed evenly along the chromosome. Many interactions exist, with only small net effects in homozygous recombinants and little effect on phenotypic variance. Heterozygous chromosome segments show almost no dominance. Pleiotropic effects on leg shape are only minor. At first view, wing shape genes form a rather homogeneous class, but certain complexities remain unresolved.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Selective Sweep among Segregation Distorter Chromosomes in African Populations of Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e1000463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daven C. Presgraves ◽  
Pierre R. Gérard ◽  
Anjuli Cherukuri ◽  
Terrence W. Lyttle
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Selective Sweep ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Segregation Distorter

scholarly journals A MODIFIED MODEL OF SEGREGATION DISTORTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-706
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi ◽  
Diana W Martin ◽  
Irene A Eckstrand
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Repressor Complex ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction

ABSTRACT Elements of the Segregation Distorter (SD) system of Drosophila melanogaster, Sd and Rsp, were analyzed and the following points were established: (1) The model of multiple alleles at the Rsp  s locus proposed by MARTIN and HIRAIZUMI (1979) is supported by our observations. (2) A modifier of SD, tentatively symbolized M(SD), was found close to cn (2R-57.5). (3) Sd heterozygous males were found to show, under certain genotypic condition, almost complete sterility.——Based upon these observations, the following modified model of segregation distortion is proposed: (1) The M(SD) locus produces a multimeric repressor protein that binds to the Rsp locus as a necessary condition for normal spermiogenesis. M(SD) homozygotes produce a repressor M(SD)/M(SD); whereas, a homozygote for its normal allele M+(SD) produces a M+(SD)/M+(SD) repressor. M(SD)/M+(SD) heterzygotes produce a M(SD)/M+(SD) repressor. (2) The Sd locus produces a certain product that, like an inducer in the lactose system of E. coli, tends to bind with the repressor complexed with the Rsp locus. This binding disrupts the repressor-Rsp complex, causing Rsp locus to be turned on. The product of Rsp transcription, in turn, results in sperm dysfunction. (3) Rsp  i, an allele of Rsp, has a strong complexing affinity with the repressor such that the Rsp  i-repressor complex is "resistant" to the inducing activity of Sd product. Rsp  s, on the other hand, has a weaker complexing affinity than that of Rsp  i, and the degree of affinity varies among different Rsp  s alleles.——A possible extension of the above model is discussed.

scholarly journals DEFECTIVE HISTONE TRANSITION DURING SPERMIOGENESIS IN HETEROZYGOUS SEGREGATION DISTORTER MALES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hauschteck-Jungen ◽  
Daniel L Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Fluorescent Dye ◽  
Basic Proteins ◽  
Normal Transition ◽  
Segregation Distorter

ABSTRACT Males of Drosophila melanogaster that are heterozygous for the segregation distorter (SD) chromosome produce a gross excess of SD-bearing offspring because most of the non-SD-bearing sperm are dysfunctional. These dysfunctional sperm exhibit abnormalities in chromatin condensation and compaction during spermiogenesis. Use of the fluorescent dye sulfoflavine, which is specific for basic proteins, has now revealed that the dysfunctional sperm are also defective in the normal transition from somatic to spermatid-specific histones.

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