scholarly journals A MODEL OF THE NEGATIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN MALE RECOMBINATION AND TRANSMISSION FREQUENCY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-459
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction

ABSTRACT A model is proposed to account for the phenomenon of negative correlation between male recombination (θ) and transmission frequency (k) in Drosophila melanogaster. The model assumes that, in some stage or stages of development, the male recombination elements cause a particular event that does not occur in normal males and that this event, in turn, induces with certain probabilities male recombination and/or sperm dysfunction. The regression equations of θ on k predicted by the model were compared with those actually observed. There was generally excellent agreement between them.

scholarly journals THE LOCATION OF A MUTATOR FACTOR IN A STRAIN OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER BY ASSAYING MALE RECOMBINATION

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 405-416
Author(s):  
Nita N Scobie ◽  
Henry E Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mutation Accumulation ◽  
K Value ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Double Crossover ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Double Recombinant ◽  
Mutation Accumulation Line

ABSTRACT In a set of "mutation accumulation lines," of Drosophila melanogaster that had originated from two different wild-caught lethal-carrying second chromosomes (Yamaguchi and Mukai 1974; Mukai and Cockerham 1977; Voelkers, Schaffer and Mukai 1980) a correlation exists between high rates of reverse mutation at two visible loci and the ability to induce male recombination (Scobie and Schaffer 1982). The second and third chromosomes were extracted from the lines demonstrating these phenomena and tested for independent ability to induce male recombination. When the wild chromosome being tested was of male origin, extracted second chromosome lines were found to induce moderate to high levels of male recombination and reduced transmission frequency of the wild chromosome (the k value). The recombinants recovered in these crosses also demonstrated a high level of double-crossover recombination without the recovery of the reciprocal double-recombinant types. In addition, identifiable portions of extracted second chromosomes of male origin have been placed on very similar, marked genetic backgrounds and tested for their ability to induce male recombination. Results of this procedure have identified two regions of the second chromosome that induce male recombination and reduce k values. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that there exist two mutator factors on the second chromosome, each associated with a "mutation accumulation line" with an unstable locus.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TRANSMISSION FREQUENCY, MALE RECOMBINATION AND PROGENY PRODUCTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Heterozygous Male

ABSTRACT The T-007 second chromosome line, which was originally isolated in 1970 from a natural population of Drosophila melanogasterat Harlingen, south Texas, has previously been shown to be associated with several unusual genetic phenomena. In the present study, two characteristics, distorted transmission frequency and male recombination, were analyzed in relation to the progeny production of T-007 heterozygous individuals. The following points were established: (1) Distorted transmission frequency in the T-007 heterozygous male was mainly due to "elimination" of T-007 chromosomes among the progeny, while no such elimination occurred for the normal partner chromosome. (2) Transmission frequency and progeny production of the T-007 heterozygous females were normal, or at least almost normal. (3) The frequency of male recombination increased with an increasing degree of distortion. This was due to an increased number of recombinants produced per male and to a decreased number of progeny receiving the T-007 chromosome.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF MALE-RECOMBINATION ELEMENTS IN A NATURAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN SOUTH TEXAS

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Kathleen A Matthews ◽  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Y Chromosomes

ABSTRACT Genomes from a group of Drosophila melanogmter collected from a natural population at San Benito, South Texas, in March of 1975 were analyzed for the presence of male-recombination elements. All three autosomes and both sex chromosomes were examined, with emphasis placed on the two major autosomes, the second and third chromosomes. In samples of 16 second and 16 third chromosomes, at least half, but not all, of each were found to carry male-recombination elements. It is suggested, although the data are not conclusive, that some of the fourth, X, and Y chromosomes might also be associated with male-recombination elements.—When a male-recombination element, or elements, was located in the second chromosome, relatively more male recombination was induced in the second than in the third chromosome. This situation was reversed when the element(s) was located in the third chromosome.—Distortion of transmission frequency, one of the characteristics of previously studied second chromosome lines associated with male recombination, was confirmed for these second chromosomes that carried male-recombination elements. Similar, but less pronounced, distortion was observed for the third chromosome lines that carried male-recombination elements.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Volume, Plasma Volume, and Lean Body Mass in Adult Men and Women

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN A. RETZLAFF ◽  
W. NEWLON TAUXE ◽  
JOSEPH M. KIELY ◽  
CHARLES F. STROEBEL
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume ◽  
Normal Males

Abstract Erythrocyte volume, plasma volume, hematocrit, lean body mass (from total body water), skinfold thickness (at three sites), arm circumference, height, and weight were measured in 40 normal males, 38 normal females, and 12 obese females. From these data on the normal subjects, equations for estimating erythrocyte and plasma volumes were derived. Equations utilizing combined height-weight, surface area, height-weight-skinfold thickness, or lean body mass were found to be the most accurate for predicting erythrocyte and plasma volumes in normal and in obese subjects. The body:venous hematocrit ratio (BH:VH) and the variability of this ratio in our subjects were determined and discussed. Errors in indirect estimates of blood volumes based on this ratio are presented. Erythrocyte and plasma volume standards based on height-weight regression equations or surface area ratio equation are suggested for use in clinical laboratories. Tables and a nomogram based on these equations have been prepared and are available on request.

scholarly journals REDUCED REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS FOR A CONDITIONING MUTANT IN EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-804
Author(s):  
Donald A Gailey ◽  
Jeffrey C Hall ◽  
Richard W Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Mating Advantage ◽  
Mating Efficiency ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Dependent Modification

ABSTRACT Male Drosophila melanogaster that have courted newly-emerged males can modify their subsequent courtship behavior to avoid further courtship with immature males for up to 6 hr (previously reported). Here, it was hypothesized that such an experience-dependent modification would afford a mating advantage to normal males over males that carried a mutation that affects learning and memory. Coisogenic lines were constructed which varied at the dunce gene (dnc  + and dnc  M14 alleles) in order to test this hypothesis. Whether previously experienced with immature males or not, dnc  + and dnc  M14 males were indistinguishable in their response and mating efficiency when individually paired with virgin females. However, courtship performance of dnc  + and dnc  M14 males was different if they were first experienced with immature males and were then individually tested in an artificial population of nine immature males and one virgin female. In this situation, dnc  + males spent much less time in courtship with immature males and achieved copulation in one-third the time required for dnc  M14 males. As a control, the behavior and mating efficiency of courtship-naive dnc  + and dnc  M14 males in the artificial population was indistinguishable. In competition for a single virgin female, experienced dnc  M14 males showed a slight mating advantage over experienced dnc  + males. But when competition by experienced males for a single virgin female took place in the presence of nine immature males, dnc  + males were the successful maters in three-fourths of the trials.

scholarly journals Characterization of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster with regard to the hobo system: a new hypothesis on the invasion

1997 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC BONNIVARD ◽  
DOMINIQUE HIGUET ◽  
CLAUDE BAZIN
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
System A ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
New Hypothesis

Until now, with regard to the hobo system of hybrid dysgenesis, natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster have been investigated using only two criteria: at the molecular level, the presence or absence of XhoI fragments 2·6 kb long or smaller; and/or at the genetic level, the ability to induce gonadal dysgenesis sterility in crosses A (females of an E reference strain crossed with males under test) and A* (females under test crossed with males of an H reference strain). Recently, analyses of laboratory strains using these criteria as well as the mobilization of two reporter genes, the male recombination and the number of ‘TPE’ repeats in the S region, revealed a lack of correlation between the different dysgenic parameters themselves, and also between these parameters and the molecular characteristics of the strains. Thirteen current strains derived from world populations were therefore investigated with regard to all these dysgenic traits, to determine discriminating criteria providing a robust method of classifying natural populations and deducing the dynamics of hobo elements in these populations. We show, as in laboratory strains, a lack of correlation between the parameters studied. Therefore, the significance of each of them as well as the nature of hobo hybrid dysgenesis are discussed, to propose an analysis method of the hobo system applicable to natural populations. According to the geographical distribution of hobo activities in world populations and to the variable polymorphism of the number of ‘TPE’ repeats, we propose a new scenario for the invasion of D. melanogaster by hobo elements.

scholarly journals Mapping candidate genes for Drosophila melanogaster resistance to the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HITA ◽  
E. ESPAGNE ◽  
F. LEMEUNIER ◽  
L. PASCUAL ◽  
Y. CARTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Leptopilina Boulardi

Drosophila melanogaster resistance against the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi is under the control of a single gene (Rlb), with two alleles, the resistant one being dominant. Using strains bearing deletions, we previously demonstrated that the 55E2–E6; 55F3 region on chromosome 2R is involved in the resistance phenomenon. In this paper, we first restricted the Rlb containing region by mapping at the molecular level the breakpoints of the Df(2R)Pc66, Df(2R)P34 and Df(2R)Pc4 deficiencies, using both chromosomal in situ hybridization and Southern analyses. The resistance gene was localized in a 100 kb fragment, predicted to contain about 10 different genes. Male recombination genetic experiments were then performed, leading to identification of two possible candidates for the Rlb gene. Potential involvement of one of this genes, edl/mae, is discussed.

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