scholarly journals Molecular and Recombinational Mapping of Mutations in the Ace Locus of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-502
Author(s):  
Rodney N Nagoshi ◽  
William M Gelbart
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Recombinational Analysis ◽  
Ace Activity

ABSTRACT The Ace locus in Drosophila melanogaster is known to be the structural gene for acetylcholinesterase. Ace is located in a region of chromosome arm 3R which has been subjected to intensive genetic and molecular analysis. Previous deletion mapping studies have identified a 40-kb region within which the Ace gene resides. This report focuses on the further localization of Ace within this 40-kb interval. Within this region, selective fine structure recombinational analysis was employed to localize three recessive Ace lethals relative to unselected restriction site variations. These three mutations fall into a segment of 7 kb within the Ace interval. Fine structure recombinational analysis was also used to confirm that the Ace  - phenotype of one deletion, Df(3R)AceHD1, co-segregated with the molecular deletion. This deletion does not fully remove Ace activity, but it behaves as a recessive Ace lethal. Df(3R)AceHD1is the most distal Ace lesion identified and indicates that the Ace locus must extend at least 16 kb. Several poly(A)transcripts are detectable in the region defined by the Ace lesions. The position and extent of the Ace locus, as well as the types of transcripts found, is consistent with the recent findings which identified Torpedo-AChE homologous cDNA sequences in this region.

scholarly journals THE GENETICS OF A SMALL CHROMOSOME REGION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER CONTAINING THE STRUCTURAL GENE FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE. IV: SCUTOID, AN ANTIMORPHIC MUTATION

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-420
Author(s):  
M Ashburner ◽  
S Tsubota ◽  
R C Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Small Chromosome ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Dominant Mutation ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Exchange mapping locates the dominant mutation Scutoid to the right of Adh on chromosome arm 2L of D. melanogaster. However, deletion mapping indicates that Sco is to the left of Adh. The phenotype of Sco is sensitive to mutation, or deletion, of noc  + and of three genes, el, l(2)br22, and l(2)br29 mapping immediately distal to noc. The four contiguous loci, el, l(2)br22, l(2)br29 and noc, although separable by deletion end points, interact, because certain (or all) alleles of these four loci show partial failure of complementation, or even negative complementation. The simplest hypothesis is that Sco is a small reciprocal transposition, the genes noc, osp, and Adh exchanging places with three genes normally mapping proximal to them: l(2)br34, l(2)br35 and rd. The Sco phenotype is thought to result from a position effect at the newly created noc/l(2)br28 junction.

scholarly journals THE GENETICS OF A SMALL AUTOSOMAL REGION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, INCLUDING THE STRUCTURAL GENE FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE. V. CHARACTERIZATION OF X-RAY-INDUCED Adh NULL MUTATIONS

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-435
Author(s):  
M Ashburner ◽  
C S Aaron ◽  
S Tsubota
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
End Points ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Autosomal Region ◽  
Nonrandom Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Break Points

ABSTRACT Of 31 X-ray-induced and 2 spontaneous Adh null mutations selected for resistance to pentenol (Aaron 1979), 21 are deletions, including Adh and one or more neighboring loci. By contrast, none of 13 EMS-induced Adhn mutations are deletions. On average, the size of these X-ray-induced deletions is shorter than that of 12 formaldehyde-induced Adhn deletions (O'Donnell, Mandell, Krauss and Sofer 1977). Both the X-ray- and formaldehyde-induced deletions show a nonrandom distribution of break points in region 34D to 35D of chromosome arm 2L. Some of the deletions display particular genetic properties associated with one of their end points.

scholarly journals THE GENETICS OF A SMALL AUTOSOMAL REGION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER CONTAINING THE STRUCTURAL GENE FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE. II. LETHAL MUTATIONS IN THE REGION

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
R C Woodruff ◽  
M Ashburner
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Autosomal Region ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Ectopic Pairing

ABSTRACT Forty-seven lethal mutations and alleles of nine visible loci (including alcohol dehydrogenase) have been mapped by both deficiency mapping and, in most cases, by recombination mapping to a small region (34D-35C) of chromosome arm 2L of Drosophila melanogaster. The lethals fall into approximately 21 complementation groups, and we estimate that the total number of lethal plus visible complementation groups within the 34-band deficiency, Df(2L)64j, is approximately 34, a remarkable numerical coincidence. The possible genetic significance of this coincidence is discussed. Lethals mapping close to the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase, both distally and proximally, have been identified and will be used for the construction of selective crosses for the study of exchange within this locus. Despite many abnormal cytological features (e.g., ectopic pairing, weak points) region 35 of chromosome arm 2L does not display any unusual genetic features; indeed, in terms of the aniount of recombination per band and the average map distance between adjacent loci, this region is similar to that between zeste and white on the X chromosome.

scholarly journals THE GENETICS OF A SMALL AUTOSOMAL REGION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER CONTAINING THE STRUCTURAL GENE FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE. III. HYPOMORPHIC AND HYPERMORPHIC MUTATIONS AFFECTING THE EXPRESSION OF HAIRLESS

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 447-459
Author(s):  
Michael Ashburner
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Autosomal Region ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Hypomorphic Alleles ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Iii ◽  
New Alleles ◽  
Dominant Suppressor

ABSTRACT A lethal locus (1(2)br7;35B6-10), near Adh on chromosome arm 2L of D. melanogaster, is identified with Plunkett's dominant suppressor of Hairless (H). Of eight new alleles, seven act as dominant suppressors of H, the eighth is a dominant enhancer of H. One of the suppressor alleles is both a leaky lethal and a weak suppressor of H. Confirming Nash (1970), deletions of 1(2)br7 are dominant suppressors, and duplications are dominant enhancers of H. A simple model is proposed to account for the interaction of 1(2)br7 and H, assuming that amorphic (or hypomorphic) alleles of l(2)br7 suppress H and that hypermorphic alleles enhance H.

THE GENETICS OF A SMALL AUTOSOMAL REGION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER CONTAINING THE STRUCTURAL GENE FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE. VI. INDUCED REVERTANTS OF SCUTOID

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-431
Author(s):  
M Ashburner ◽  
C Detwiler ◽  
S Tsubota ◽  
R C Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Dominant Mutation ◽  
Autosomal Region ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Mutant Chromosome

ABSTRACT Twenty-six induced revertants of Scutoid (Sco), a dominant mutation of Drosophila melanogaster, have been characterized genetically. Sco is an unusual mutation, involving two small reciprocal transpositions within the region 35A4 to 35C5 of chromosome arm 2L. One of these transpositions juxtaposes the noc and l(2)br28 loci. We suggested previously that the Sco phenotype results from the "fusion" of noc and l(2)br28. In support of this idea we now show that 23 of 26 revertants of Sco are noc  -, indeed the majority are either chromosome aberrations broken between noc and l(2)br28 or deletions of these loci from the mutant chromosome. However, some revertants of Sco are rather more complex, and their properties suggest an interaction between the pu-noc and l(2)br28-l(2)br37 regions of chromosome arm 2L and also demonstrate the genetic complexity of the el-noc region.

scholarly journals The molecular analyses of an antimorphic mutation of Drosophila melanogaster, Scutoid.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-661
Author(s):  
S McGill ◽  
W Chia ◽  
R Karp ◽  
M Ashburner
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dominant Mutation ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Abstract A dominant mutation of Drosophila melanogaster, Scutoid (Sco), acts as an antimorphic allele of the no-ocelli (noc) gene. In Sco the noc region has been transposed from 35B to 35D on chromosome arm 2L and the noc gene is now adjacent to snail (sna). Induced revertants of Sco are frequently mutant for sna or are aberrations broken very close to sna. A molecular analysis of the Sco chromosome has confirmed that noc is transposed and fused to the sna region. However, only part of the noc region is included within the transposition. The breakpoints of 19 chromosomally aberrant Sco revertants have been mapped at the molecular level. Fourteen of these breakpoints map to the noc region, spread over about 80 kb of DNA. The breakpoints of the remaining five are not within the DNA of the noc region and appear to map within sequences from the sna region. This has been shown directly for three of these, those associated with T(2;3)ScoR+13, In(2L)ScoR+24 and In(2L)ScoR+26. Thus mutation of either noc or sna, genes which are apparently unrelated in their wild-type functions, can revert the antimorphic phenotype of Sco.

scholarly journals The genetics of a small autosomal region of Drosophila melanogaster containing the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase. VII. Characterization of the region around the snail and cactus loci.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ashburner ◽  
P Thompson ◽  
J Roote ◽  
P F Lasko ◽  
Y Grau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Autosomal Region ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Genetic Interval ◽  
Snail Gene

Abstract The genetic interval 35C to 36A on chromosome arm 2L of Drosophila melanogaster has been saturated for mutations with visible or lethal phenotypes. 38 loci have been characterized, including several maternal-effect lethals (vasa, Bic-C, chiffon, cactus and cornichon) and several early embryonic lethals, including snail and fizzy. About 130 deletions have been used to order these loci. Complex interactions between mutant alleles have been uncovered in the immediate genetic environs of the snail gene, as has further evidence for an interaction between this region and that including the nearby genes no-ocelli and elbow.

scholarly journals A NEW MAP LOCATION FOR THE ilvB LOCUS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
Thomas C Newman ◽  
Mark Levinthal
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Linkage Of Genes ◽  
Map Location ◽  
New Alleles

ABSTRACT We isolated, in E. coli K12, new alleles of the ilvB locus, the structural gene for acetolactate synthase isoenzyme I, and showed them to map at or near the ilvB619 site. The map position of the ilvB locus was redetermined because plasmids containing the ilvC-cya portion of the chromosome did not complement mutations at the ilvB locus. Furthermore, diploids for the ilvEDAC genes formed with these plasmids in an ilvHI background facilitated the isolation of the new ilvB alleles. The ilvB locus was remapped and found to be located at 81.5 minutes, between the uhp and dnaA loci. This location was determined by two- and three-point transductional crosses, deletion mapping and complementation with newly isolated plasmids. One of the new alleles of the ilvB gene is a mu-1 insertion. When present in the donor strain, this allele interferes with the linkage of genes flanking the mu-1 insertion, as well as the linkage of genes to either side of the mu-1 insertion.

scholarly journals A GENETICALLY DISTINCT FORM OF CYCLIC AMP PHOSPHODIESTERASE ASSOCIATED WITH CHROMOMERE 3D4 IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-535
Author(s):  
John A Kiger ◽  
Eric Golanty
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cyclic Amp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Camp Levels

ABSTRACT Two cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase enzymes (E.C.3.1.4.17) are present in homogenates of adult Drosophila melanogaster. The two enzymes differ from one another in heat stability, affinity for Mg++, Ca++ activation and molecular weight. They do not differ markedly in their affinities for cyclic AMP, and both exhibit anomalous Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The more heatlabile enzyme is controlled in a dosage-dependent manner by chromomere 3D4 of the X chromosome and is absent in flies that are deficient for chromomere 3D4. Chromomere 3D4 is also necessary for the maintenance of normal cAMP levels, for male fertility, and for normal female fertility and oogenesis. The structural gene(s) for the more heat-stable enzyme is located outside of chromomeres 3C12-3D4. Whether 3D4 contains a structural gene, or a regulatory gene necessary for the presence of the labile enzyme, remains to be determined.

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