scholarly journals Contrasting Histories of Three Gene Regions Associated With In(3L)Payne of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1565-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Hasson ◽  
Walter F Eanes
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Variation ◽  
Distal Breakpoint ◽  
Esterase 6 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neutrality Tests ◽  
Hsp83 Gene

In the present report, we studied nucleotide variation in three gene regions of Drosophila melanogaster, spanning >5 kb and showing different degrees of association with the cosmopolitan inversion In(3-L)Payne. The analysis of sequence variation in the regions surrounding the breakpoints and the heat shock 83 (Hsp83) gene locus, located close to the distal breakpoint, revealed the absence of shared polymorphisms and the presence of a number of fixed differences between arrangements, indicating absence of genetic exchange. In contrast, for the esterase-6 gene region, located in the center of the inversion, we observed the presence of shared polymorphisms between arrangements suggesting genetic exchange. In the regions close to the breakpoints, the common St arrangement is 10 times more polymorphic than inverted chromosomes. We propose that the lack of recombination between arrangements in these regions coupled with genetic hitchhiking is the best explanation for the low heterozygosity observed in inverted lines. Using the data for the breakpoints, we estimate that this inversion polymorphism is around 0.36 million yr old. Although it is widely accepted that inversions are examples of balanced polymorphisms, none of the current neutrality tests including our Monte Carlo simulations showed significant departure from neutral expectations.

scholarly journals Lack of Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Y-Linked Sperm Flagellar Dynein Gene Dhc-Yh3 of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 1709-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Zurovcova ◽  
Walter F Eanes
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Codon Bias ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Nucleotide Variation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Degenerate Pcr ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster Subgroup

Abstract We studied levels of intra- and interspecific nucleotide variation associated with a Y-linked gene in five members of the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup. Using published sequence for 348 bp of the Dhc-Yh3 gene, and degenerate PCR primers designed from comparisons of the sea urchin and Chlamydomonas flagellar dynein genes, we recovered a 1738-bp region in D. melanogaster. Analyses of sequence variation in a worldwide collection of 11 lines of D. melanogaster and 10 lines of D. simulans found only a single silent polymorphism in the latter species. The synonymous site divergence per site for Dhc-Yh3 is comparable to values for X and autosomal genes. Assuming a Wright-Fisher population model, the lack of variation is statistically less than expected using appropriately reduced estimates of θ from the X and autosomes. Because the Y chromosome encodes only six known genes, genetic hitchhiking associated with background selection is unlikely to explain this low variation. Conversely, adaptive hitchhiking, as associated with sex-ratio chromosomes, or a large variance in male fertility may reduce the polymorphism on the Y chromosome. Codon bias is very low, as seen for other genes in regions of low recombination.

scholarly journals The Amounts of Nucleotide Variation Within and Between Allelic Classes and the Reconstruction of the Common Ancestral Sequence in a Population

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 1431-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Innan ◽  
Fumio Tajima
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Ancestral Sequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nucleotide Variation ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Nd5 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pairwise Differences ◽  
Segregating Sites

The amounts of nucleotide variation within and between allelic classes were studied. The expectation and variance of the number of segregating sites and the expectation of the average number of pairwise differences among a sample of DNA sequences were obtained by using the theory of gene genealogy with no recombination. When the ancestral allelic class is unknown, it was found that the amount of variation within an allelic class increases with its frequency in the sample, while the amount of variation between two allelic classes is the largest when the two allelic classes exist equally. On the other hand, if we know the ancestral allelic class, as the frequency of the mutant allelic class increases, the amounts of variation within the mutant allelic class and between two allelic classes increase and the amount of variation within the ancestral allelic class decreases. As an example, we analyzed the polymorphism in the ND5 gene of Drosophila melanogaster and constructed the common ancestral sequence with high confidence, suggesting that the pattern of polymorphism within species gives useful information to know the ancestral sequence of the species.

scholarly journals The rosy locus in Drosophila melanogaster: xanthine dehydrogenase and eye pigments.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Reaume ◽  
D A Knecht ◽  
A Chovnick
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Pigment Granule ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Pigment Granules

Abstract The rosy gene in Drosophila melanogaster codes for the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). Mutants that have no enzyme activity are characterized by a brownish eye color phenotype reflecting a deficiency in the red eye pigment. Xanthine dehydrogenase is not synthesized in the eye, but rather is transported there. The present report describes the ultrastructural localization of XDH in the Drosophila eye. Three lines of evidence are presented demonstrating that XDH is sequestered within specific vacuoles, the type II pigment granules. Histochemical and antibody staining of frozen sections, as well as thin layer chromatography studies of several adult genotypes serve to examine some of the factors and genic interactions that may be involved in transport of XDH, and in eye pigment formation. While a specific function for XDH in the synthesis of the red, pteridine eye pigments remains unknown, these studies present evidence that: (1) the incorporation of XDH into the pigment granules requires specific interaction between a normal XDH molecule and one or more transport proteins; (2) the structural integrity of the pigment granule itself is dependent upon the presence of a normal balance of eye pigments, a notion advanced earlier.

Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and Esterase-6 (EST-6) alleles in Drosophila melanogaster: An attempt to detect linkage disequilibrium

Genetica ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 225-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Trippa ◽  
G. A. Danieli ◽  
R. Costa ◽  
R. Scozzari
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Esterase 6

scholarly journals The number and distribution of esterase 6 alleles in populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Heredity ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Labate ◽  
A Bortoli ◽  
A Y Game ◽  
P H Cooke ◽  
J G Oakeshott
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Esterase 6

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE CENTROMERIC HETEROCHROMATIN OF CHROMOSOME 2 OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: DEFICIENCY MAPPING OF EMS-INDUCED LETHAL COMPLEMENTATION GROUPS

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-782
Author(s):  
Arthur J Hilliker
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Heterochromatic Region ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Products Analysis ◽  
Dominance Tests

ABSTRACT Until recently, little was known of the genetic constitution of the heterochromatic segments of the major autosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Our previous report described the genetic dissection of the proximal, heterochromatic region of chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogasterby means of a series of overlapping deficiencies generated by the detachment of compound second autosomes (Hilliker and Holm 1975). Analysis of these deficiencies by inter se complementation, pseudo-dominance tests with proximal mutations and allelism tests with known deficiencies provided evidence for the existence of at least two loci between the centromere and the light locus in 2L and one locus in 2R between the rolled locus and the centromere. These data in conjunction with cytological observations demonstrated that light and rolled and three loci lying between them are located within the proximal heterochromatin of the second chromosome.——The present report describes the further analysis of this region through the induction with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) of recessive lethals allelic to the 2L and 2R proximal deficiencies associated with the detachment products. Analysis of the 118 EMS-induced recessive lethals and visible mutations recovered provided evidence for seven loci in the 2L heterochromatin and six loci in the 2R heterochromatin, with multiple alleles being obtained for most sites. Of these loci, one in 2L and two in 2R fall near the heterochromatic-euchromatic junctions of 2L and 2R respectively. None of the 113 EMS lethals behaved as a deficiency, implying that the heterochromatic loci uncovered in this study represent nonrepetitive cistrons. Thus functional genetic loci are found in heterochromatin, albeit at a very low density relative to euchromatin.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR POPULATION GENETICS OF THE ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE GENE REGION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165-1190
Author(s):  
Charles F Aquadro ◽  
Susan F Desse ◽  
Molly M Bland ◽  
Charles H Langley ◽  
Cathy C Laurie-Ahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Restriction Map ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Chromosome Inversion ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Adh Activity

ABSTRACT Variation in the DNA restriction map of a 13-kb region of chromosome ll including the alcohol dehydrogenase structural gene (Adh) was examined in Drosophila melanogaster from natural populations. Detailed analysis of 48 D. melanogaster lines representing four eastern United States populations revealed extensive DNA sequence variation due to base substitutions, insertions and deletions. Cloning of this region from several lines allowed characterization of length variation as due to unique sequence insertions or deletions [nine sizes; 21-200 base pairs (bp)] or transposable element insertions (several sizes, 340 bp to 10.2 kb, representing four different elements). Despite this extensive variation in sequences flanking the Adh gene, only one length polymorphism is clearly associated with altered Adh expression (a copia element approximately 250 bp 5′ to the distal transcript start site). Nonetheless, the frequency spectra of transposable elements within and between Drosophila species suggests they are slightly deleterious. Strong nonrandom associations are observed among Adh region sequence variants, ADH allozyme (Fast vs. Slow), ADH enzyme activity and the chromosome inversion ln(2L)t. Phylogenetic analysis of restriction map haplotypes suggest that the major twofold component of ADH activity variation (high vs. low, typical of Fast and Slow allozymes, respectively) is due to sequence variation tightly linked to and possibly distinct from that underlying the allozyme difference. The patterns of nucleotide and haplotype variation for Fast and Slow allozyme lines are consistent with the recent increase in frequency and spread of the Fast haplotype associated with high ADH activity. These data emphasize the important role of evolutionary history and strong nonrandom associations among tightly linked sequence variation as determinants of the patterns of variation observed in natural populations.

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