scholarly journals Transposition of the Retrotransposon MAGGY in Heterologous Species of Filamentous Fungi

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 693-703
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Nakayashiki ◽  
Kanako Kiyotomi ◽  
Yukio Tosa ◽  
Shigeyuki Mayama
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposon ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Domain ◽  
Genetic Tagging ◽  
Artificial Intron ◽  
Genomic Southern Analysis

Abstract MAGGY is a gypsy-like LTR retrotransposon isolated from the blast fungus Pyricularia grisea (teleomorph, Magnaporthe grisea). We examined transposition of MAGGY in three P. grisea isolates (wheat, finger millet, and crabgrass pathogen), which did not originally possess a MAGGY element, and in two heterologous species of filamentous fungi, Colletotrichum lagenarium and P. zingiberi. Genomic Southern analysis of MAGGY transformants suggested that transposition of MAGGY occurred in all filamentous fungi tested. In contrast, no transposition was observed in any transformants with a modified MAGGY containing a 513-bp deletion in the reverse transcriptase domain. When a MAGGY derivative carrying an artificial intron was introduced into the wheat isolate of P. grisea and C. lagenarium, loss of the intron was observed. These results showed that MAGGY can undergo autonomous RNA-mediated transposition in heterologous filamentous fungi. The frequency of transposition differed among fungal species. MAGGY transposed actively in the wheat isolate of P. grisea and P. zingiberi, but transposition in C. lagenarium appeared to be rare. This is the first report that demonstrates active transposition of a fungal transposable element in heterologous hosts. Possible usage of MAGGY as a genetic tagging tool in filamentous fungi is discussed.

The taxonomical identity of the perfect state of Pyricularia grisea and its allies

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yaegashi ◽  
S. Udagawa
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Conidial State

Magnaporthe grisea is proposed as a comb.nov. for Ceratosphaeria grisea Hébert, the perfect state of Pyricularia grisea (Cke.) Sacc. Pyricularia grisea is very close morphologically to P. oryzae Cav., well known as the causal agent of blast disease on rice. Magnaporthe was recently established in the Diaporthales to accommodate a single species, M. salvinii (Catt.) Krause & Webster, which was described as the cause of stem rot of rice with conidial state known as Nakataea sigmoidea Hara. Based on a review of the taxonomic characters of Ceratosphaeria grisea, the desirability is discussed of its inclusion in the genus Magnaporthe.

scholarly journals Influência da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar na esporulação de Magnaporthe grisea em trigo

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalíbia Jane P. Alves ◽  
José Maurício C. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea

O fungo Magnaporthe grisea (Anamorfo Pyricularia grisea) é o agente causal da brusone do trigo (Triticum aestivum), uma doença limitante à cultura do trigo no Brasil em regiões produtoras localizadas acima do paralelo 24 °S. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o efeito da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar na esporulação de M. grisea. O número médio de conídios foi determinado em ráquis de plantas de trigo previamente colonizados com o fungo e expostos em câmaras de crescimento sob temperaturas de 23 e 28 ºC, e com umidade relativa do ar de 80, 85, 90, 95 e 100%. A determinação do número de conídios produzidos foi feita após 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas de exposição em cada combinação de temperatura e umidade. Os efeitos da temperatura e da umidade foram significativos (P<0.001), mas não o da interação. A produção de conídios também foi determinada sob condições naturais de ambiente onde se verificou flutuação da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar. Os resultados do presente trabalho permitiram observar que quando a umidade relativa é elevada (> 90%) e a temperatura se encontra ao redor de 28 ºC, a produção de conídios de M. grisea é favorecida.

scholarly journals The role of silicon in suppressing gray leaf spot development in St. Augustinegrass

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brecht ◽  
Lawrence Datnoff ◽  
Russell Nagata ◽  
Thomas Kucharek
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
University Of Florida

If you maintain St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) in Florida, its possible that gray leaf spot, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia grisea), will be a problem in your lawn or sod field. Research has proven the effectiveness of amendments of silicon (Si) to soils that are deficient in soluble Si (<25 mg/L) for control of diseases on a number of hosts including rice and sugarcane, which are regularly fertilized with Si in south Florida. This document is PP-67, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: July, 2003. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp114

Filamentous Fungi (Magnaporthe grisea and Fusarium oxysporum)

2006 ◽  
pp. 403-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hyun Khang ◽  
Sook-Young Park ◽  
Hee-Sool Rho ◽  
Yong-Hwan Lee ◽  
Seogchan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Shows Conserved Metabolic Regulation during Production of Secondary Metabolites in Filamentous Fungi

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Christian Nielsen ◽  
Sylvain Prigent ◽  
Sietske Grijseels ◽  
Mhairi Workman ◽  
Boyang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Fungal Metabolism ◽  
Cell Factories

ABSTRACTFilamentous fungi possess great potential as sources of medicinal bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, but efficient production is hampered by a limited understanding of how their metabolism is regulated. We investigated the metabolism of six secondary metabolite-producing fungi of thePenicilliumgenus during nutrient depletion in the stationary phase of batch fermentations and assessed conserved metabolic responses across species using genome-wide transcriptional profiling. A coexpression analysis revealed that expression of biosynthetic genes correlates with expression of genes associated with pathways responsible for the generation of precursor metabolites for secondary metabolism. Our results highlight the main metabolic routes for the supply of precursors for secondary metabolism and suggest that the regulation of fungal metabolism is tailored to meet the demands for secondary metabolite production. These findings can aid in identifying fungal species that are optimized for the production of specific secondary metabolites and in designing metabolic engineering strategies to develop high-yielding fungal cell factories for production of secondary metabolites.IMPORTANCESecondary metabolites are a major source of pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics. However, the development of efficient processes of production of secondary metabolites has proved troublesome due to a limited understanding of the metabolic regulations governing secondary metabolism. By analyzing the conservation in gene expression across secondary metabolite-producing fungal species, we identified a metabolic signature that links primary and secondary metabolism and that demonstrates that fungal metabolism is tailored for the efficient production of secondary metabolites. The insight that we provide can be used to develop high-yielding fungal cell factories that are optimized for the production of specific secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest.

scholarly journals Resistance to blast (Magnaporthe grisea) in a mini-core collection of finger millet germplasm

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kiran Babu ◽  
R. P. Thakur ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
P. N. Reddy ◽  
R. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Mini Core Collection

Phytotoxins from Pyricularia grisea and Their Effect on Finger Millet

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Sanmathi Kumar ◽  
L Shanthala ◽  
T. B. Anilkumar ◽  
Sudharshana L
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea

scholarly journals Cross-Compatibility and Distribution of Mating Type Alleles of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe grisea in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Dayakar ◽  
N. N. Narayanan ◽  
S. S. Gnanamanickam
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Two hundred twenty-seven isolates of Magnaporthe grisea isolated from blast-infected rice tissues from different states of India were tested with MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 fertile standard testers to determine their mating type. Of the 227 monoconidial isolates, 90 (39.6%) were fertile and 137 (60.4%) were infertile and did not produce perithecia when mated with any of the four testers. In the states of Meghalaya and Himachal Pradesh, both mating types were found. In the states of Andaman Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Haryana, and Punjab, only mating type MAT1-1 was identified. In states where MAT1-2 occurred, its frequency was low. Among the 90 fertile isolates, 40 (44.4%) produced perithecia, asci, and ascospores, and 11 of those isolates produced perithecia, asci, and ascospores with both MAT1-2 testers, KA-9 of finger millet, and GUY11 of rice origin. However, when monoconidial isolates were mated among themselves, isolates from the same field produced only barren perithecia. Pathogenicity tests of the ascospore progeny derived from crosses of field isolates and host-specific testers revealed that none of the ascospore progeny were as virulent as the parents, despite showing compatible reactions with both rice and finger millet cultivars. These results indicate that recombinant progeny may be at a selective disadvantage despite having an increased host range. This is the first report of the occurrence of high levels of fertility (24 to 52%) in rice isolates of M. grisea in different states of India. In a Southern blot analysis, 58% of 74 isolates were identified as MAT1-1 and 41% as MAT1-2. In this population, 23 Magnaporthe grisea repeat (MGR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism groups or lineages were identified. In terms of lineage composition, the 18 isolates from Meghalaya showed maximal diversity with nine lineages.

Genetic analyses of electrophoretic enzyme variants, mating type, and hermaphroditism in Pyricularia oryzae Cavara

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hei Leung ◽  
Paul H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Electrophoretic Variants ◽  
Variant Alleles

Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea) parasitizes a variety of gramineous hosts and causes the rice blast disease worldwide. Through matings among P. oryzae isolates from rice, finger millet, and weeping lovegrass the inheritance of electrophoretic variants of six enzymes, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), glycerate-2-dehydrogenase (G2DH), malate dehydrogenase-3 (MDH-3), lactate dehydrogenase-1 (LDH-1), and lactate dehydrogenase-3 (LDH-3) was determined. All six variants were under single gene control as determined by tetrad and random spore analysis. However, at Ldh-3 and Mdh-3, there were consistent excesses of variant alleles among ascospore segregants. Preliminary data on the genetic control of hermaphroditism suggested that maleness in two Japanese rice isolates might be due to a single gene mutation. Linkage analyses among the six electrophoretic markers, mating type, and hermaphroditism suggested loose linkage between Pgm and G2dh with a recombination frequencies of 43.0%.Key words: linkage, Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast fungus.

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