scholarly journals CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN NICOTIANA, RESTORATION OF FERTILITY, AND THE NUCLEOLUS. II. N. DEBNEYI CYTOPLASM

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
J A Burns ◽  
D U Gerstel ◽  
S A Sand
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nicotiana Species ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers ◽  
Nucleolar Apparatus ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Restoration Of Fertility

ABSTRACT Previously, it was shown that a fragment chromosome, apparently derived from the Nicotiana repanda chromosomal complement, restores to normal the morphology and fertility of the abortive and feminized anthers produced by plants that possess the N. tabacum genome in cytoplasm from N. repanda. Furthermore, that restorer chromosome organizes the nucleolus and inhibits the nucleolus-forming activity of the nucleolar organizers of N. tabacum chromosomes present in the same cells, particularly in pollen mother cells. To determine whether these relations are basic or only coincidental, restorer chromosomes for other cytoplasms are now being investigated. The present paper describes a study of a chromosome, presumably derived from N. debneyi, with partial restoring power. Acting in the cytoplasm of N. debneyi, it directs formation of morphologically normal anthers, without, however, restoring pollen fertility. We find that this chromosome also has a functioning nucleolar organizer, but only slightly inhibits the nucleolus-forming capacity of N. tabacum chromosomes. The suggestion of a relationship between the nucleolar apparatus and restoration of normal anthers is thus strengthened by the observation that restorers are found on nucleolus-forming chromosomes from two very distinct Nicotiana species, as well as in several comparable cases cited from the Triticinae. The manner in which the nucleolus, or its organizer, may direct defeminization and restoration of anther morphology is not known; suggestions were offered in the preceding paper in this series (Gerstel, Burns and Burk 1978).

scholarly journals CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN NICOTIANA, RESTORATION OF FERTILITY, AND THE NUCLEOLUS

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
D U Gerstel ◽  
J A Burns ◽  
L G Burk
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers ◽  
Restoration Of Fertility

ABSTRACT Plants with the cytoplasm of Nicotiana repanda and the chromosomes of N. tabacum produce nonfunctional and feminized anthers. Introduction of a satellited fragment chromosome, apparently derived from N. repanda, restores normal anthers and pollen fertility. The fragment is somatically stable and addition-homozygotes transmit it to the great majority of their offspring. Cells with the fragment exhibit amphiplasty, i.e., in plants having one or two fragments, nucleolar organizers of N. tabacum are suppressed and the nucleoli are entirely or largely produced by the fragments. Formation of nucleoli by organizers from N. repanda in N. repanda cytoplasm may thus be a condition for male fertility. The manner in which nucleoli may influence the development of originally indeterminate sex primordia is discussed. Further cytological studies of cytoplasmically male-sterile plants and restorer chromosomes are needed to decide whether the observed relationship is of functional significance or merely accidental.

Cytoplasmic male sterility in Desmodium

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS McWhirter
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genetic Stocks

A type of male sterility found in two Desmodium plants of probably interspecific hybrid origin was cytoplasmically inherited. The cytoplasmic male-sterile character was incorporated in the tropical legume Desmodium sandwicense by backcrossing. In this genetic background pollen sterility was complete. The male-sterile character was not graft-transmissible, and it produced no detectable pleiotropic effects on growth and development. Desmodium intortum gave restoration of pollen fertility in Fl hybrids with male-sterile lines of D. sandwicense. Restored F1 hybrids produced apparently normal pollen, but tests of functional ability of the pollen disclosed that pollen fertility was less than that of Fl hybrids with normal cytoplasm. Incomplete restoration of fertility was not due to heterozygosity of fertility-restoring genes with gametophytic expression, since fertility-restoring genes were shown to act sporophytically. The results established the occurrence in the legume Desmodium of a system of determination of the male-sterile, fertility-restored phenotypes that is similar to the cytoplasmic male sterility systems described in many other angiosperm plants. A scheme utilizing the genetic stocks produced in this study for commercial production of the interspecific hybrid D. sandwicense x D. intortum as a cultivar is presented.

scholarly journals Identification of Maintainer and Restorer Lines for WA Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice Using Pollen Fertility and Spikelet Fertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 3125-3137
Author(s):  
Van itha ◽  
Jayateertha R. Diwan ◽  
D. Shreedhara ◽  
Vikas V. Kulkarni ◽  
K. Mahantashivayogayya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Spikelet Fertility

scholarly journals GENETICS OF FERTILITY RESTORATION IN THE C-GROUP OF CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN MAIZE

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
A Kheyr-Pour ◽  
V E Gracen ◽  
H L Everett
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Rf Gene ◽  
Allelism Tests ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT The genetics of fertility restoration of cms-C group cytoplasm of maize was studied using crosses involving stable maintainer lines and lines that restored full pollen fertility. Pollen fertility in the sources of cms-C sterile cytoplasms studied was restored by a single dominant restorer (Rf4) gene. The fertility restoration was sporophytic. Allelism tests among five restorer lines showed that they all apparently carried the same alleles (Rf4 Rf4). Similar tests also demonstrated that seven nonrestoring maintainer lines had apparently the same genotype (rf4 rf4), although a partial "late break" of fertility was observed at low levels in some maintainer crosses. Comparative studies among different cms-C sources (C, Bb, ES, PR and RB) indicated that similar inheritance of fertility restoration was involved. The data indicated that a single, dominant Rf gene is involved in the restoration of several C-group cytoplasms, at least in the lines studied here. This is the first single-gene, sporophytic restorer system described in maize to date.

scholarly journals PSIII-1 Activity of nucleolar organizers depending on genotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 235-236
Author(s):  
Pavel Klenovitskiy ◽  
Baylar S Iolchiev ◽  
Anastasia N Vetokh
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Functional Load ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Nucleolar Apparatus ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The level of protein proliferation and biosynthesis in various physiological and pathological processes depends on the functional activity in the nucleolar apparatus of cell. The activity degree of the nucleolar organizers varies depending on the level of functional load on the cells. It is associated with the exogenous and endogenous factors and the manifestation of polygenic traits, such as the synthesis intensity of subunits rRNA (18S and 28S) that enter the ribosome. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between the activity of nucleolar organizers and the animal genotype. The objects of study were goats with different genotypes divided by 3 groups of goats hybrids were used: group_I was 5 individuals of Karachay × F1(C.sibirica×C.hircus); group_II - 4 individuals of Boer × F1; group_III - 3 individuals of F2(C.sibirica×C.hircus) × F1. The material for the study was venous blood. Blood smears were fixed with Lillie’s solution and were stained using the Havel and Blake technique. Microscopic studies were performed using a Nikon Eclipse Ni equipped with Nikon DS-Qi2 camera (4908×3264). For statistical analysis of the obtained data, the SPSSv.23 was used. We used the average optical density AgNOR (DNOR) as an indicator reflecting the total amount of Ag bound to the argyrophilic proteins of the nucleolar organizer, It was found that in goats of the second group this indicator was 158.58±10.18, which was significantly inferior in terms of AgNOR to animals in group_I (211.10±3.62) and in group_III (206.77±4.43). No significant differences between the goats of groups I and III were found. Thus, the AgNOR criterion depends on the goat genotype to a certain extent and is of interest for assessing the activity of the nucleolar organizers in goats. Supported by RFBR project №20-016-00116А and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (№АААА-А18-118021590132-9).

Peculiarities of Inheritance of Pollen Fertility Restoration Trait in Sunflower with Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1375-1382
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Karabitsina ◽  
V. A. Gavrilova ◽  
N. V. Alpatieva ◽  
E. B. Kuznetsova ◽  
I. N. Anisimova
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration
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