scholarly journals Who and Where? The Spatial Context of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Economic Security among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Jan Mutchler ◽  
Nidya Velasco Roldan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New York ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Many older adults experience challenging financial circumstances and do not have sufficient income to afford a basic budget in their home communities. Far higher proportions of racial and ethnic minority older adults live on incomes that fall short of what is needed to make ends meet relative to their White counterparts. We describe racial/ethnic disparities in late-life economic insecurity, which occurs when an older person lacks sufficient financial resources to cover necessary expenses in their home community. Although nationwide half of older singles are economically insecure, Massachusetts (62%), New York (65%), Vermont (57%), and Mississippi (57%) have the highest shares of older adults who experience economic insecurity. Compared to Whites, minority older adults have higher rates of economic insecurity in nearly every state, but racial/ethnic disparities are higher in some locations (Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Louisiana) and lower in others (Oregon, Arizona, Nevada, West Virginia). Disparities in economic insecurity reflect the precarious financial situations experienced by many older adults, rooted not only in risks and disadvantages accumulated over time, but also in the variable and uncertain social and economic contexts that accompany the aging experience. By situating older adults in their places of residence, we observe that the cost of remaining in community intersect with life-course experiences associated with social identities to produce disparities in economic security at older ages. The geographic variation in cost of living calls for context-specific assessment of economic security to evaluate the adequacy of economic resources and the associated risk of hardship.

Study finds racial/ethnic disparities in depressive trajectories among middle-aged or older adults

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liang ◽  
X. Xu ◽  
A. R. Quinones ◽  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
W. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Readmissions in US Hospitals: The Role of Insurance Coverage

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 004695801877418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayasree Basu ◽  
Amresh Hanchate ◽  
Arlene Bierman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Hospital Performance ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Racial Ethnic

We examine differences in rates of 30-day readmissions across patients by race/ethnicity and the extent to which these differences were moderated by insurance coverage. We use hospital discharge data of patients in the 18 years and above age group for 5 US states, California, Florida, Missouri, New York, and Tennessee for 2009, the latest year prior to the start of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Hospital Compare program of public reporting of hospital performance on 30-day readmissions. We use logistic regression models by state to estimate the association between insurance status, race, and the likelihood of a readmission within 30 days of an index hospital admission for any cause. Overall in 5 states, non-Hispanic blacks had a slightly higher risk of 30-day readmissions relative to non-Hispanic whites, although this pattern varied by state and insurance coverage. We found higher readmission risk for non-Hispanic blacks, compared with non-Hispanic whites, among those covered by Medicare and private insurance, but lower risk among uninsured and similar risk among Medicaid. Hispanics had lower risk of readmissions relative to non-Hispanic whites, and this pattern was common across subgroups with private, Medicaid, and no insurance coverage. Uninsurance was associated with lower risk of readmissions among minorities but higher risk of readmissions among non-Hispanic whites relative to private insurance. The study found that risk of readmissions by racial ethnic groups varies by insurance status, with lower readmission rates among minorities who were uninsured compared with those with private insurance or Medicare, suggesting that lower readmission rates may not always be construed as a good outcome, because it could result from a lack of insurance coverage and poor access to care, particularly among the minorities.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Disparities at the End of an HIV Epidemic: Persons Who Inject Drugs in New York City, 2011–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. Des Jarlais ◽  
Kamyar Arasteh ◽  
Courtney McKnight ◽  
Jonathan Feelemyer ◽  
Susan Tross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Investigating Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Association Between AHEI-2010 and Change in Cystatin C in a Representative Sample of Older Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1015-1015
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bishop ◽  
Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objectives Cystatin C (Cys C) is a promising biomarker for early-stage chronic kidney disease. Dietary intake plays an essential role in the prevention of kidney function decline, which has yet to be examined in relation to changes in Cys C among older adults. Our objective was to test whether scores on the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) were associated with change in Cys C from 2012–2016 and if this varied by race/ethnicity. Methods Observations were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Blood spot collection and examination occurred in 2012 and 2016, participant attributes were measured in 2012, and dietary assessment was conducted by a validated dietary frequency questionnaire in 2013. The sample was restricted to respondents aged ≥65 years who were White (n = 789), Black (n = 108), or Hispanic (n = 61) and had biomarkers measured in 2012 and 2016 (n = 958). Serum Cys C (mg/L) was constructed to be equivalent to the 1999–2002 NHANES scale. Dietary quality was measured using AHEI-2010. Autoregressive linear modeling adjusting for covariates and sampling design was used to examine the associations of interest. Results Mean serum Cys C was 1.20 ± 0.44 mg/L (SD) in 2012 and 1.25 ± 0.45 mg/L in 2016, and mean AHEI-2010 score was 58.11 ± 11.0. Greater AHEI-2010 was associated with lower serum Cys C level at baseline (b = −.004, SE = .013, P = .002) and less rapid increase in the Cys C level from 2012–2016 (b = −.003, SE = .012, P = .024). The association between AHEI-2010 and change in serum Cys C was significantly different for Whites and Hispanics (b = .128, SE = .031, P < .001), but null when comparing Whites and Blacks. AHEI-2010 was negatively associated with change in Cys C for Whites, and positively associated with change in Cys C among Hispanics. Stratified analyses suggested that AHEI-2010 was not significantly different for Whites and Hispanics. Hispanics had significantly lower household income, assets, and educational attainment than Whites, and greater levels of food insecurity. Conclusions Our results indicate that dietary quality has a divergent association with change in serum Cys C for White and Hispanic older adults. These results suggest the need for examination of how disparities in socioeconomic status may influence the effect of dietary intake on kidney function for older adults from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. Funding Sources No funding.

scholarly journals RACIAL DISPARITIES IN ACCESS TO AND COST OF HEALTHCARE AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE LIMITATION: 2002 TO 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S564-S564
Author(s):  
Elham Mahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Office Visit ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Vulnerable Subpopulations ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Using 2002-2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we examined racial/ethnic disparities in office-visits and prescription-drugs among individuals with cognitive limitation (CL). Medicare beneficiaries (65+) with CL (N=9,369) were included. We used generalized linear models. Prevalence of CL increased overtime among all racial/ethnic groups. Our findings indicate that 96% of Whites vs. 93% of Blacks had at least one office visit (diff=0.03; 95% CI:0.01-0.04). Whites had 2 (95% CI: 1.0-0.4) and 4 (95% CI: 2.5-6.0) more office visits compared with Hispanics and Asians; and used 4 (95% CI: 1-6.9), 5 (95% CI:1.0-9.3) and 6 (95% CI: 1.0-11.5) more prescriptions than their Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians, respectively. Whites had higher annual expenditures for office-visits compared with Asians ($889; 95% CI:409-1,368) and higher expenditures for prescriptions compared with Blacks ($484; 95% CI:$151-$816) and Asians ($546; 95% CI:$28-$1064), respectively. Disparities in care among older adults with CL may put vulnerable subpopulations at a higher risk.

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