scholarly journals Brain Magnetic Susceptibility is Associated With Slower Gait in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 878-878
Author(s):  
Victoria Poole ◽  
Robert Dawe ◽  
Sue Luergans ◽  
David Bennett ◽  
Aron Buchman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Age-related slowing of gait is exceedingly common and a robust predictor of various adverse health outcomes in older age. Prior neuroimaging studies have documented diverse non-specific structural brain abnormalities which are related to slow gait; however, the extent to which quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), which measures regional magnetic susceptibility in the brain, associates with gait speed remains unexplored. In the current study, 415 non-demented community-dwelling older adults (91 males; 81+/- 7 years) underwent an MRI (Siemens 3T TIM Trio) and in-home motor assessment. Gait speed was measured and averaged across 2 timed 8-ft walks. MR-acquired QSM data were pre-processed, registered to ICBM template, and spatially smoothed with a 5mm FWHM Gaussian kernel. When these maps entered group-level GLMs, voxel-wise associations with gait speed were of interest, after adjusting for demographics. We observed very strong negative associations between gait speed and magnetic susceptibility, such that those with slower gait had higher susceptibility in bilateral inferior frontal, superior temporal, and angular gyri (corrected p<.0005). Robust associations were also observed in the middle frontal, precentral, and postcentral gyri of the right hemisphere. These novel findings suggest that reduced myelination or increased iron accumulation in these brain regions may contribute to impaired gait. Future work will need to determine to what extent these cross-sectional QSM metrics are independent predictors of incident adverse health outcomes when controlling for other common brain imaging abnormalities observed in older adults.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Back and Leg Pain and the Cross-Sectional Association with Adverse Health Outcomes in Community Dwelling Older Adults in England

Spine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Williamson ◽  
Maria T. Sanchez-Santos ◽  
Alana Morris ◽  
Angela Garrett ◽  
Oliver Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Living Arrangement Modifies the Associations of Loneliness with Adverse Health Outcomes in Older Adults: Evidence From the CLHLS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wei ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Junjie Yang ◽  
Nannan Gu ◽  
Xinyi Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Functions ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background: Although it has been suggested that loneliness is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, living arrangement may confound the association. This study aimed to investigate whether the associations of loneliness with adverse health outcomes differ in community-dwelling older adults according to different living arrangements.Methods: In the 2008/2009 wave of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 16255 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) were recruited. Living arrangements and feelings of loneliness were assessed. Health outcomes including cognitive and physical functions were assessed using MMSE, ADL/IADL scales and Frailty Index in the 2008/2009 and 2011/2012 waves; mortality was assessed in the 3-year follow-up from 2008/2009 to 2011/2012. The associations of loneliness with adverse health outcomes accroding to different living arrangements were estimated using logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards regression models. Interactions between living arrangement and loneliness on adverse health outcomes were also investigated.Results: Older adults who were lonely (47.8% of those living alone and 25% of those living with others) had higher prevalence of cognitive impairment, frailty and 3-year mortality than older adults without loneliness, especially among those who lived with others (OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.15-1.51; OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.26-1.60; HR=1.16, 95% CI=1.07-1.26, respecitvely). In contrast, among the living alone older adults, loneliness was only associated with higher prevalence of frailty (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.06-1.88). Living arrangement modified the associations of loneliness with prevalent cognitive impairment and mortality (P values for interactions=0.006 and 0.015, respectively).Conclusions: Living arrangement modifies the associations of loneliness with adverse health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults, and those who lived with others but felt lonely had worse cognitive and physical functions as well as higher mortality. Special attention should be paid to this population to reduce adverse health outcomes.

scholarly journals Motor function is the primary driver of the associations of sarcopenia and physical frailty with adverse health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245680
Author(s):  
Aron S. Buchman ◽  
Sue E. Leurgans ◽  
Tianhao Wang ◽  
Michal Schnaider-Beeri ◽  
Puja Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background This study tested the hypothesis that sarcopenia and its constituent components, reduced lean muscle mass and impaired motor function, are associated with reduced survival and increased risk of incident disabilities. Methods 1466 community-dwelling older adults underwent assessment of muscle mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), grip strength, gait speed and other components of physical frailty and annual self-report assessments of disability. We used Cox proportional hazards models that controlled for age, sex, race, education and height to examine the associations of a continuous sarcopenia metric with the hazard of death and incident disabilities. Results Mean baseline age was about 80 years old and follow-up was 5.5 years. In a proportional hazards model controlling for age, sex, race, education and baseline sarcopenia, each 1-SD higher score on a continuous sarcopenia scale was associated with lower hazards of death (HR 0.70, 95%CI [0.62, 0.78]), incident IADL (HR 0.80,95%CI [0.70, 0.93]), incident ADL disability (HR 0.80 95%CI [71, 91]) and incident mobility disability (HR 0.81, 95%CI [0.70, 0.93]). Further analyses suggest that grip strength and gait speed rather than muscle mass drive the associations with all four adverse health outcomes. Similar findings were observed when controlling for additional measures used to assess physical frailty including BMI, fatigue and physical activity. Conclusions Motor function is the primary driver of the associations of sarcopenia and physical frailty with diverse adverse health outcomes. Further work is needed to identify other facets of muscle structure and motor function which together can identify adults at risk for specific adverse health outcomes.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC HARDSHIP INDICATORS ARE DIFFERENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S126-S126
Author(s):  
Loretta Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Abstract Previous studies have shown that higher levels of economic hardship in older adults is associated with increased odds of adverse health outcomes such as insomnia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine if there was a differential association between individual measures of economic hardship and aforementioned adverse health outcomes. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2012 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Logistic models were developed to assess the association between each of the four measures of economic hardship and three previously reported adverse health outcomes. Participants were asked if in the last month they did not have enough money for food, utility bills, mortgage/rent, or medical bills/prescription drugs. Measures of adverse health outcomes were symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. There were 7,075 community dwelling older adults aged 65 and older in the 2012 NHATS data. Results indicated that those who skipped meals were more likely to have depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms than those who did not skip meals. After adjusting for race, age, gender, education, and comorbid health conditions, skipping meals was associated with depression (OR=4.11, p<.000), anxiety (OR=2.81, p<.01), and insomnia (OR=2.16, p<.05). These results were higher and more statistically significant than the other measures of economic hardship. These findings are relevant to population-based efforts of nutrition interventions to improve quality of life in aging populations.

scholarly journals Skipping Meals Is Associated With Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in U.S. Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 515-515
Author(s):  
Loretta Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Abstract Previous studies have shown that higher levels of economic hardship in older adults is associated with increased odds of adverse health outcomes such as insomnia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine if there was a differential association between individual measures of economic hardship and aforementioned adverse health outcomes. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2013 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Logistic models were developed to assess the association between four measures of economic hardship which included not having enough money for food, utility bills, mortgage/rent, or medical bills/prescription drugs. Measures of adverse health outcomes were symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. There were 4467 community-dwelling older adults (65+) in the analyses. Results indicated those who skipped meals were more likely to have depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms than those who did not skip meals. After adjusting for race, age, gender, education, and total number of comorbid health conditions, skipping meals was associated with depression (OR=2.71, p<.05) and anxiety (OR=2.84, p<.01). Skipping meals did not have a statistically significant association with insomnia. The analysis for skipping meals showed a higher odds and more statistically significant results than the other measures of economic hardship listed above. These findings are relevant to population-based efforts to improve quality of life in aging populations and may be of interest to those researchers investigating the gut-brain axis. These findings may also inform future policy efforts to address health disparities and food insecurity in older adults.

scholarly journals Dual Decline in Gait and Cognition Is Associated With Future Dementia: Evidence for a Phenotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 264-264
Author(s):  
Manuel Montero Odasso ◽  
Mark Speechley ◽  
Richard Camicioli ◽  
Nellie Kamkar ◽  
Qu Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract BACKGROUND: The concurrent decline in gait speed and cognition are associated with future dementia. However, the clinical profile of those who present with dual-decline has not yet been described. We aimed to describe the phenotype and risk for incident dementia of individuals who present a dual-decline in comparison with non dual-decliners. METHODS: Prospective cohort of community-dwelling older adults free of dementia at baseline. We evaluated participants’ gait speed, cognition, medical status, functionality, incidence of adverse events, and dementia biannually over 7 years. Gait speed was assessed with a 6-meter electronic-walkway, and global cognition was assessed using the MoCA test. We compared characteristics between dual-decliners and non dual-decliners using t-test, Chi-square, and hierarchical regression models. We estimated incident dementia using Cox models. RESULTS: Among 144 participants (mean age 74.23 ± 6.72 years, 54% women), 17% progressed to dementia. Dual-decliners had a three-fold risk (HR: 3.12, 95%CI:1.23-7.93, p=0.017) of progression to dementia compared with non dual-decliners. Dual-decliners were significantly older with a higher prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia (p=0.002). Hierarchical regression models show that age and sex alone explained 3% of the variation in the dual-decliners group, while adding hypertension and dyslipidemia increased the explained variation to 8% and 10 %, respectively. The risk of becoming a dual-decliner was 4-fold if hypertension was present. CONCLUSION: Older adults with concurrent decline in gait speed and cognition represent a group at the highest risk of progression to dementia. These dual-decliners have a distinct phenotype with a higher prevalence of hypertension, a potentially treatable condition.

scholarly journals Association between Physical Frailty Subdomains and Oral Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2931
Author(s):  
Ryo Komatsu ◽  
Koutatsu Nagai ◽  
Yoko Hasegawa ◽  
Kazuki Okuda ◽  
Yuto Okinaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Oral Frailty

This cross-sectional study aimed to demonstrate the association between physical frailty subdomains and oral frailty. This study involved community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years). Physical frailty was assessed with the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Oral frailty was defined as limitations in at least three of six domains. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between physical frailty risk and oral frailty. In addition, we examined the association between physical frailty subdomains (gait speed, grip strength, exhaustion, low physical activity, and weight loss) and oral frailty. A total of 380 participants were recruited for this study. Overall, 18% and 14% of the participants were at risk of physical frailty and had oral frailty, respectively. Physical frailty risk (odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–4.75, p = 0.012) was associated with oral frailty in multivariate analysis. In secondary analysis, among physical frailty subdomains, gait speed (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–0.97, p = 0.019) was associated with oral frailty. The present findings suggest that physical frailty is closely related to oral frailty. Among physical frailty subdomains, decreased gait speed in particular is an important indicator related to the development of oral frailty.

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