scholarly journals Effects of Different 16-Week Exercise Interventions on Bone Mineral Density of Sedentary Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 901-902
Author(s):  
Amy Ellis ◽  
Kristi Crowe-White ◽  
Gary Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Training Frequency ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Multicomponent exercise that includes both resistance and aerobic training is recommended to prevent loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. However, optimal training frequency has not been determined. Sixty-three non-osteoporotic sedentary women ages 60y and older were randomized to one of three exercise groups for sixteen weeks: 1) one resistance and one aerobic session per week, 2) two resistance and two aerobic sessions per week, or 3) three resistance and three aerobic sessions per week. Resistance exercise included supervised sessions on weight machines, and aerobic exercise was treadmill walking. BMD of the hip and lumbar spine (L1-L4) was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Prodigy, GE Medical Systems Lunar, Madison, WI, software version 6.10.029), and z scores were calculated from a reference population adjusted for age and sex. Among the total cohort with BMD measurements at week 16 (n=58; 83% white), z scores improved for the trochanter, Ward’s triangle, total hip, L1 and L4. Within-group comparisons showed improvement at the trochanter, total hip, and L1 for group 2 only, while only group 1 demonstrated an increase at L4 (p<0.05 for all). However, no time-by-group interactions were observed. Sixteen weeks of combined resistance and aerobic training is effective for improving BMD of older adult women. Results suggest training frequency of two sessions per week may be optimal. Postmenopausal women should be encouraged to do aerobic exercise such as walking plus resistance training at least once weekly to prevent osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Lean Postmenopausal Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (March) ◽  
pp. 897-907
Author(s):  
MOHAMED A. AWAD, Ph.D. ENGY M. EL-NAHAS, Ph.D. ◽  
MOHAMMED R. SOLIMAN, M.D. MARWA A. BIOMY, M.Sc.
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals POS0519 BONE MINERAL DENSITY, LEAN AND FAT MASS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 493.2-493
Author(s):  
N. Toroptsova ◽  
O. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
A. Feklistov ◽  
O. Nikitinskaya ◽  
A. Efremova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
The Relationship

Background:The relationship between lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM) and bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial. Some population studies have emphasized the positive association between them, while others have found an inverse relationship. RA patients are characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and an increase in fat mass. Such changes in body composition may be associated with low BMD.Objectives:To study the relationship between BMD, LM and FM in postmenopausal women with RA.Methods:68 postmenopausal women with RA (median age 59 [54; 63] years) were included in the study. BMD and body composition were evaluated using two-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Correlation analysis between body composition parameters and BMD was performed with the Spearman method, correlation coefficients R for p<0.05 are presented.Results:The average L1-L4 BMD was 0,92±0,16 g/cm2, total hip BMD - 0,84±0,15 g/cm2 and femoral neck - 0,73±0,13 g/cm2. 33 (48.5%) women had osteopenia, and 17 (25.0%) - osteoporosis (OP). Low appendicular LM was found in 5 (7.4%) and low appendicular muscle index (appendicular LM/height2, AMI) – in 10 (14.7%) patients. Overfat was revealed in 47 (69.1%) women, but only 20 (29.4%) women had BMI corresponding to obesity. The positive correlations between BMD in L1-L4, total hip and femoral neck regions and body weight (R=0.46, R=0.56 and R=0.50, respectively), trunk fat (R=0.4, R=0.51 and R=0.37, respectively), total FM (R=0.27, R=0.43 and R=0.34, respectively), trunk LM (R=0.55, R=0.54 and R=0.51, respectively), total LM (R=0.51, R=0.50 and R=0.52, respectively), appendicular LM (R=0.31, R=0.29 and R=0.37, respectively) and AMI (R=0.26, R=0.33 and R=0.51, respectively) were found out. In the multivariate linear regression analysis total LM was associated with BMD of lumbar spine (β=0.638, p=0.001) and total hip (β=0.473, p=0.008), and AMI - with femoral neck BMD (β=0.360; p=0.014). We found that FM hadn’t a significant effect on BMD in any region.Conclusion:73.5% of patients with RA had a reduced BMD, and 14.7% women – low AMI. LM was positively associated with BMDs in different regions of interest, but FM had no effect on BMD. Further researches are needed to identify associations between body composition, inflammatory activity and bone health in patients with RA.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Low Aromatase Activity and Estradiol/Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Ratio are Associated with Total Hip Bone Mineral Density and the Presence of Osteoporosis: A Study in Chinese Postmenopausal Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Juan Liu ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Fang-Yuan Zhou ◽  
Xu-Dong Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Hip

AbstractSeveral groups have reported the important role of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Because aromatase catalyzes the conversion of T to E2, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of aromatase activity on the bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. A total of 344 postmenopausal women were selected for this study. Serum E2, T, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), calcium (Ca), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP) were examined. The E2/T was positively associated with total hip BMD and PINP (p<0.05). When E2/T was divided into quartiles, participants in lower quartiles of E2/T were likely to have higher PINP and lower BMD (p<0.05). The prevalence of osteoporosis significantly increased as E2/T ratio decreased. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for serum E2, free E2 index (FEI), and E2/T, to assess their diagnostic accuracy in PMOP. The overall area under the curve (AUC) were 0.83 (95% CI=0.77–0.88) for E2, 0.87 (95% CI=0.82–0.92) for FEI, and 0.89 (95% CI=0.85–0.94), respectively. In conclusion, the study suggests that in postmenopausal women, aromatase activity could be an important determinant of skeletal health. The women with lower aromatase activity may have greater likelihood of PMOP and the E2/T was expected to be a valuable indicator for the prediction of PMOP and to monitor the process of osteoporosis.

Clinical Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Bone Metabolism in Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH).

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3727-3727
Author(s):  
Yu Ying Yau ◽  
Charles D. Bolan ◽  
Stacey A. Cecco ◽  
Nadja N. Rehak ◽  
Michael Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
T Score ◽  
Bmd Testing ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Same Gender

Abstract Background: Skeletal complications of HH have been reported, to include osteopenia and osteoporosis. However, systematic assessments of bone density and bone metabolism in healthy HH subjects have not been performed, nor have such results been compared prospectively with an appropriate control group. Methods: Thirty-five C282Y +/+ HH subjects (25M, 10 F) were compared with 35 demographically-matched whole blood (WB) donor (non-HH) controls. HH was diagnosed by biochemical and genetic testing. Liver biopsy (n=12) was restricted to subjects at high risk for advanced liver disease Mean initial ferritin level was 1400 ± 1100 ng/mL and transferrin saturation 80 ± 15% in the HH cohort. BMD was measured 4.8 ± 6 (range 0 to 22) yrs after diagnosis using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Delphi Advanced Instrument, Hologic, MA), and reported according to absolute bone density (g/cm2), T score (number of SD from peak BMD of persons of the same gender/race) and Z score (number of SD from mean BMD of age-matched persons of the same gender/race). Additional laboratory assessments were performed at the time of BMD testing. Results: HH and WB subjects had similar age (53 vs 54 yr), weight (88 vs 86 kg), gender (71% M), and racial (100% Caucasian) distributions. There were 6 post-menopausal women in each group (8 vs 5 yrs post, p = 0.46). 89% of HH subjects (21/25 men, 10/10 women) and 100% of WB subjects met eligibility criteria for allogeneic blood donation. Mean Z scores were ≥ zero (above age, gender and race adjusted mean values of a reference database maintained by the instrument manufacturer) in both groups at all sites assessed. Absolute BMD values (g/cm2) were similar at the AP spine (1.06 vs 1.04), femoral neck (0.83 vs 0.81), hip trochanteric region (0.77 vs 0.77), total hip (1.00 vs 1.01) and distal radius (0.76 vs 0.75) in HH vs WB subjects (p &gt; 0.25 for all). Respective Z scores at these sites were also similar (0.41 vs 0.39, 0.20 vs 0.08, 0.19 vs 0.49, 0.19 vs 0.46 and 0.45 vs 0.12). Z scores were significantly lower in HH than in WB subjects only at the hip intertrochanteric region (0.14 vs 0.51, p = 0.03); absolute BMD levels at this site were similar (1.16 vs 1.20 g/cm2, p = 0.2). Two HH subjects, including one with cirrhosis, and one WB subject had osteoporosis (T score ≤ −2.5), while 7 HH (20%) and 14 WB (40%) had osteopenia (T score ≤ −1.0) Higher ferritin levels at diagnosis were associated with lower BMD Z scores in univariate logistic regression analysis (p&lt;0.03, all sites tested), however this association remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis only at the total hip region (p=0.008) There were no significant differences in bone specific alkaline phosphatase (65 vs 67 ug/L), osteocalcin (5.5 vs 5.1 ng/mL), ionized and total calcium (1.30 vs 1.30, 2.31 vs 2.31 mmol/L), parathyroid hormone (39 vs 35 pg/mL), 25 OH vitamin D (28 vs 24 ng/mL) or free and total testosterone (113 vs 93 and 313 vs 334 ng/dL, p=0.41 and 0.45, male subjects only) in the HH vs WB study groups. Conclusion: In this study, there was no evidence of clinically significant abnormalities in bone mineral density or in chemical measures of bone metabolism in healthy HH subjects when compared with appropriate age, gender, and racially matched control populations.

Effect of Anastrozole on Bone Mineral Density: 5-Year Results From the Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination Trial 18233230

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Eastell ◽  
Judith E. Adams ◽  
Robert E. Coleman ◽  
Anthony Howell ◽  
Rosemary A. Hannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Tolerability Profile ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Superior Efficacy ◽  
Hip Bmd

Purpose The Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial (median follow-up, 68 months) has shown that adjuvant anastrozole has superior efficacy and better tolerability than tamoxifen. However, anastrozole reduces circulating estrogen, and low estradiol levels are associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. It is therefore important to understand the effects of long-term aromatase inhibitor therapy on BMD. Patients and Methods This prospective substudy of the ATAC trial assessed BMD changes in postmenopausal women with invasive primary breast cancer receiving anastrozole (1 mg/d) or tamoxifen (20 mg/d) as adjuvant therapy for 5 years. Lumbar spine and total hip BMD were assessed at baseline and after 1, 2, and 5 years. Results One hundred ninety-seven women from the monotherapy arms of the ATAC trial were recruited onto the bone substudy, and 108 were included in the primary analysis. Among anastrozole-treated patients, there was a decrease in median BMD from baseline to 5 years in lumbar spine (−6.08%) and total hip (−7.24%) compared with the tamoxifen group (lumbar spine, +2.77%; total hip, +0.74%). No patients with normal BMD at baseline became osteoporotic at 5 years. Conclusion Anastrozole is associated with accelerated bone loss over the 5-year treatment period. However, although patients with pre-existing osteopenia are likely to require monitoring and bone-protection strategies, patients with normal BMD would not appear to require monitoring beyond the recommendation for healthy postmenopausal women. The effect of anastrozole on bone should be weighed against its superior efficacy and better tolerability profile versus tamoxifen in the main ATAC trial.

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