28. Punishment

2021 ◽  
pp. 837-861
Author(s):  
Steve Case ◽  
Phil Johnson ◽  
David Manlow ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Kate Williams
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Crime And Criminal Justice ◽  
Penal Sanction

This chapter discusses the place that punishment occupies as a response to crime. In many ways, the idea of punishment lies at the heart of our thinking about crime and criminal justice. It acts as a kind of balancing factor to the offence and seems like an obvious and natural consequence of a wrongful act, as in the biblical idea of ‘an eye for an eye’. However, the criminologist’s task is precisely to interrogate fundamental assumptions and to question the obvious. As such, there is a need to consider, with a critical eye, some well-established conventions such as the principle of ‘just deserts’ and the idea that we should make ‘the punishment fit the crime’. The chapter explores aspects of the historical development of punishment and its changing role in society and looks at particular forms of penal sanction, notably the death penalty, the use of imprisonment, and community-based alternatives to the deprivation of liberty. The chapter then assesses the role of the judiciary in administering punishments, the consequences of imposing punitive measures, and the criticisms of the use of punishment.

24. Punishment and the idea of ‘just deserts’

Criminology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Case ◽  
Phil Johnson ◽  
David Manlow ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Kate Williams
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Penal Sanction

This chapter examines punishment as a means of dealing with crime and its implications for justice. It first introduces the key arguments advanced in support of the idea of punishment in general and specific punitive practices in particular. It then considers the historical development of punishment and its changing role in society, along with specific forms of penal sanction such as death penalty, imprisonment, and community based alternatives to the deprivation of liberty. The chapter goes on to discuss the role of the judiciary in administering punishments as well as the consequences of imposing punitive measures. Finally, it evaluates the potential limitations of the use of punishment, including miscarriages of justice and its apparent failure to affect the likelihood of reoffending.

scholarly journals Conflicted conservatives, punitive views, and anti-Black racial bias 1974–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K Brown ◽  
Kelly M Socia ◽  
Jasmine R Silver
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Criminal Justice Reform ◽  
Swing Voters

Research suggests that the views of “conflicted conservatives,” Americans who self-identify as conservative but express support for liberal governmental policies and spending, are particularly important in policymaking and politics because they are politically engaged and often act as swing voters. We examine punitive views among conflicted conservatives and other political subgroups in three distinct periods in the politics of punishment in America between 1974 and 2014. In particular, we consider the punitive views of conflicted conservatives relative to consistent conservatives, moderates, and liberals. Given the barrier that racialized typifications of violent crime may pose to current criminal justice reform efforts, we also explore the role of anti-Black bias in predicting punitive views among White Americans across political subgroups. Our overall findings indicate that conflicted conservatives are like moderates in their support for the death penalty and like consistent conservatives on beliefs about court harshness. These findings, and supplemental analyses on punitive views and voting behaviors across political subgroups, call into question whether conflicted conservatives have acted as critical scorekeepers on penal policy issues. We also find that anti-Black racism was significantly related to punitive views across political subgroups and among liberals in particular.

scholarly journals University Autonomy and Academic Freedom: A Historical Perspective

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Guruz
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The State ◽  
University Autonomy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Changing Role

A brief summary of the historical development of the concepts of academic freedom and university autonomy is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the changing interpretation of university autonomy that has paralleled the changing role of the state from regulatory to evaluative.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Knepper ◽  
Anja Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Crime Trends ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Retail Theft ◽  
Crime And Criminal Justice

ThisHandbookoffers a systematic and comprehensive guide to the historical study of crime and criminal justice. It brings together essays written by researchers who work on crime and criminal justice in the past, with an emphasis on how the interaction between history and social sciences has shaped the field. It describes the methods of historical research, noting the potential, limitations, and pitfalls of these methods. Topics range from the modeling of crime trends to problems in interpretation of crime statistics, the geography of crime, organized crime and the cultural concept of the urban underworld, prostitution, retail theft, crime museums, and the role of women in Soviet criminology. There are also sections on police, courts, and prisons as major components of criminal justice. In addition, the volume explores how approaches to crime have been influenced by cultural assumptions about crime and violence in relation to gender. This introduction discusses the purpose, structure, and conceptual issues related to how theHandbookwas assembled.

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