Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Knepper ◽  
Anja Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Crime Trends ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Retail Theft ◽  
Crime And Criminal Justice

ThisHandbookoffers a systematic and comprehensive guide to the historical study of crime and criminal justice. It brings together essays written by researchers who work on crime and criminal justice in the past, with an emphasis on how the interaction between history and social sciences has shaped the field. It describes the methods of historical research, noting the potential, limitations, and pitfalls of these methods. Topics range from the modeling of crime trends to problems in interpretation of crime statistics, the geography of crime, organized crime and the cultural concept of the urban underworld, prostitution, retail theft, crime museums, and the role of women in Soviet criminology. There are also sections on police, courts, and prisons as major components of criminal justice. In addition, the volume explores how approaches to crime have been influenced by cultural assumptions about crime and violence in relation to gender. This introduction discusses the purpose, structure, and conceptual issues related to how theHandbookwas assembled.

10. Public opinion, crime, and criminal justice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Hough ◽  
Julian V. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Crime Trends ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Criminal Justice Response ◽  
Crime And Criminal Justice

This chapter summarizes research on public opinion about crime and criminal justice in developed industrialized societies. It starts with an assessment of what can be said about public knowledge about crime, documenting widespread misperceptions about the nature of crime, about crime trends, and about the criminal justice response to crime. It then considers public attitudes towards crime and justice, which tend to be largely negative. The chapter presents evidence of the links between levels of knowledge and attitudes to justice, suggesting that misinformation about crime and justice is the likely source of negative public ratings of the justice system. Penal populism and populist punitiveness are considered. The chapter ends by exploring issues of public trust in justice, confidence, and legitimacy.

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Crime and Criminal Justice

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Crime And Criminal Justice ◽  
History Of Crime

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Crime and Criminal Justicebrings together researchers who work on crime and criminal justice in the past with an emphasis on the interaction between history and social sciences. Although working on similar subject matters historians and social scientists are often motivated by different intellectual concerns. Historians seek knowledge about crime and criminal justice to better understand the past. In contrast, social scientists draw on past experiences to build sociological, criminological, or socio-legal knowledge. Nevertheless, researchers from both fields have a shared interest in social theory, in the use of social science techniques for analysis, and in a critical outlook in examining perceptions of the past that shape popular myths and justify criminal justice policies in the present. TheHandbookis intended as a guide for both current researchers and newcomers to orient themselves on key aspects of current research from both fields. TheHandbookincludes thirty-four essays covering theory and methods; forms of crime; crime, gender, and ethnicities; cultural representations of crime; the rise of criminology; law enforcement and policing; law, courts, and criminal justice; and punishment and prisons. The essays concentrate on the Atlantic world, particularly Europe and the United States, during the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. All of the authors situate their topic within the wider historiography.

Criminal Justice in Medieval Perugia and Bologna

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Blanshei
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Approach ◽  
Crime And Criminal Justice ◽  
Power And Authority

During the past twenty years historical investigations of crime and criminal justice have increased considerably. This new subfield has been hailed enthusiastically by many of its practitioners: Douglas Hay considers it one that offers a key to ‘unlocking the meanings of eighteenth century social history.’ John Styles and John Brewer view the study of crime and law as a ‘point d'appui for a social history approach that embraces both the history of society and the issues of power and authority, an approach, in other words, that resolves the “crisis of social history.”’ Moreover, Marzio Romani describes this research as one that utilizes crime as a 'symptom,’ as a link between ‘conjuncture’ and ‘structure.’

scholarly journals Reclaiming Women’s Perspective: Feminist Anthropology and the Androcentric Bias

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Maja Muhić
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Male Bias ◽  
The Past ◽  
Feminist Anthropology ◽  
Margaret Mead ◽  
Dialogical Relation ◽  
Ruth Benedict

The past few decades have been marked by an increasing discussion on the role of dialogue in anthropology, especially following the anthropological turn of the 80s, when the discipline was looked upon as one “writing a culture” rather than understanding it from the insider’s perspective, while the ethnographer was thought of as the epistemic dictator, incapable of establishing a dialogical relation with his subjects of inquiry. The power relationship was indeed one of the most prominent problems in creating an equal, dialogical setting between the anthropologist and the other culture. This paper aims at revisiting feminist anthropology tracing the elements which constituted it, its original inspiration, and main motifs of action mostly gathered around the strong male bias of the discipline. This bias was predominantly manifested in the monological, androcentric understanding and exploration of cultures. In tracing these aspects, and acknowledging the more egalitarian status of this discipline since its early days versus other social sciences (Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict were among the most prominent women anthropologists), the paper will look at early women anthropologists works some of which were excluded from the canon. It will also point to the existence of strong male bias in ethnography and the discipline as a whole, thus triggering the emergence of feminist anthropology with its capacity for reflexivity and accountability in ethnographic work.

scholarly journals Let Us Now Think Engineering: an Interview with Carl Mitcham

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Carl Mitcham ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kazakova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Colorado School ◽  
Philosophy Of Engineering

Carl Mitcham is International Distinguished Professor of Philosophy of Technology at Renmin Universityof China and Professor Emeritus of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences at Colorado School of Mines inthe United States. For more than four decades of his work in the field of phi­losophy of science andtechnology, he has made important contributions on its most controversial topics, including biotechnologies,IT, energy and many others. Of special interest is his philosoph­ical and socio-historical study ofengineering, which has become the area of his intellectual col­laboration with V.G. Gorokhov. This year,Prof. Mitcham published a new book, “Steps toward a Philosophy of Engineering: Historical-Philosophicaland Critical Essays”. In the interview Pro­fessor Mitcham discusses the developments in engineeringprofession and education and the chang­ing role of engineering societies; the relationships betweenengineering, science and philosophy; the engineering cultures and the meaning of engineering in the modernculture.

The Historiography of Crime and Criminal Justice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Crime And Criminal Justice

This essay analyzes the historiography of the field of criminal justice history. It traces the development of four broad approaches to the historical study of crime, policing, justice, and punishment from the start of the twentieth century to the present day. The four approaches identified are characterized as positivist/empirical, theoretical, social, and cultural. Concentrating primarily (but not exclusively) on works focused on the United Kingdom, the essay analyzes the development of each approach in turn, considering its antecedents and impact. The final section of the essay highlights emerging areas of research (including digital humanities projects and historical criminology) and proposes avenues for future investigation.

Catching up with the past: historians, pictures and PCs

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Andrew Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Historical Study ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Sources such as imagery and video and audio material are increasing being adopted in an evidential, rather than an allusive role by historians seeking to exploit them alongside the ‘textual’ data traditionally used. The role of computers in enabling this development has been significant, in enabling greater access to such sources (via CD and online collections, for example) an in providing tools for the analysis of novel sources (such as KLEIO Image Analysis System). At the same time the impact of ‘postmodernity’ upon the study of history has led to a growth in interest in theoretical issues which challenge many of the assumptions upon which the discipline is based. This paper addresses those issues from the narrower perspective – that gained during a detailed historical study of political prints produced during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, which have been digitally modelled, and analysed using KLEIO IAS. It suggests that in adopting less traditional sources, the nature of those sources and methodological shifts they impose will render it imperative for historians to engage with theoretical issues raised by postmodernity.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Source Language in Spanish Translations: A Survey on English Counterfactuals ‘Should have’

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-159
Author(s):  
Isabel Repiso
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semantic Domain ◽  
Reference Corpus ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
The Impact

The present article shows that the most frequent way of translating Should have + Past participle in Spanish is the word-by-word translation Debería haber. This preference is not coherent with the language use of natives at three levels: (i) the marginal role of modal verbs to express the speaker’s subjectivity in Spanish; (ii) the preferred use of modal verbs in the past participle position (e.g., No hubiese debido tener libros); and (iii) the predominant use of the pluperfect subjunctive as a prompting tense for counterfactual readings. Our survey is based on 1.7  million-word Social Sciences corpus covering 8 essays, 4 political biographies and 2 dystopian novels. In all, 9  sentences containing should have + past participle were analyzed. The translations were crossed with a reference corpus in Spanish containing 154 million words (CREA). The translators’ preference by Debería haber has an effect in the output texts’ readability since it implies a reversal in the frequencies of the Spanish constructions pertaining to the irrealis semantic domain. Our results provide empirical cues to prevent the word-by-word translation Debería haber, such as avoiding infinitive periphrastic constructions or favoring subjunctive mood’s tenses.

Forever trapped in the imaginary of late capitalism? The serialized true crime podcast as a wake-up call in times of criminological slumber

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Yardley ◽  
Emma Kelly ◽  
Shona Robinson-Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Late Capitalism ◽  
The Past ◽  
True Crime ◽  
Crime And Criminal Justice

Within this article, we explore the emergence of the serialized true crime podcast through an ultra-realist lens. These representations have become increasingly popular in recent years and appear to embody changing sensibilities towards crime and criminal justice – we critically consider whether serialized true crime podcasts do or could represent a change from the true crime of the past. More importantly, we question the extent to which academic criminology is equipped to engage in critical analysis of this media and address the questions that they raise about crime and society’s response to it in late capitalist society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document